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A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) via mechanical ventilation. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects of PEEP?

A.

Hypoxemia

B.

Tension pneumothorax.

C.

Malignant hypertension

D.

Atelectasis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Hypoxemia is a condition of low oxygen levels in the blood. PEEP can actually improve oxygenation by preventing alveolar collapse and increasing functional residual capacity.

B. Tension pneumothorax is a life-threatening condition of air accumulation in the pleural space that causes increased intrathoracic pressure and compresses the lungs, heart, and great vessels. PEEP can increase the risk of tension pneumothorax by creating excessive positive pressure in the airways and alveoli.

C. Malignant hypertension is a severe form of high blood pressure that can cause organ damage and stroke. PEEP can cause a transient increase in blood pressure due to increased intrathoracic pressure, but it does not cause malignant hypertension.

D. Atelectasis is a condition of partial or complete lung collapse due to alveolar collapse or obstruction. PEEP can prevent or treat atelectasis by maintaining positive pressure in the airways and alveoli.


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Related Questions

Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"D"}

Explanation

Cardiovascular abnormalities are a serious risk in clients with bulimia nervosa due to electrolyte imbalances, especially hypokalemia, which can lead to arrhythmias, weakened heart muscles, and potential heart failure. Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) can occur due to excessive vomiting, which leads to the loss of fluids and electrolytes, including sodium. Incorrect responses: Group 1: Hypoglycemia: Bulimia nervosa primarily causes electrolyte imbalances and acid-base disturbances due to vomiting, not significant alterations in blood sugar levels. Metabolic Acidosis: Vomiting leads to the loss of gastric acid, causing metabolic alkalosis. Hypotension: Hypotension could occur if the client experiences significant dehydration from vomiting. Hypotension would be a consequence of severe dehydration rather than a primary risk at this stage. Hyperglycemia: Hyperglycemia is not typically associated with bulimia nervosa or vomiting. It would be more relevant in conditions like diabetes. Group 2: Hyperkalemia: Hyperkalemia (high potassium) is unlikely in bulimia nervosa, where frequent vomiting usually leads to hypokalemia due to the loss of potassium in gastric secretions. Metabolic Acidosis: As mentioned before, vomiting leads to metabolic alkalosis, not acidosis, because of the loss of hydrochloric acid. Hypochloremia: Hypochloremia (low chloride levels) can occur with vomiting due to the loss of stomach acid, which contains chloride. While it is a possible outcome, metabolic alkalosis better captures the overall acid-base disturbance in the client.

Correct Answer is B, A, D, C

Explanation

B. Inspection is the first step in an abdominal assessment because it allows the nurse to observe the shape, size, symmetry, contour, and movement of the abdomen. Inspection also helps to identify any abnormalities such as scars, lesions, masses, or distension.

A. Auscultation is the second step in an abdominal assessment because it allows the nurse to listen to the bowel sounds and vascular sounds of the abdomen. Auscultation should be performed before palpation or apercussion because these maneuvers could alter the sounds.

D. Percussion is the third step in an abdominal assessment because it allows the nurse to elicit sounds from different organs and structures in the abdomen. Percussion helps to determine the size, location, density, and consistency of the organs and to detect any fluid or air accumulation.

C. Palpation is the last step in an abdominal assessment because it allows the nurse to feel the texture, temperature, tenderness, and masses of the abdomen. Palpation should be performed gently and carefully to avoid causing pain or injury to the client.

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