A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin therapy. If the client requires a reversal of the effects of heparin, which of the following medications should the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
Atropine
Vitamin K
Vitamin B12
Protamine
The Correct Answer is D
A. Atropine. Atropine is an anticholinergic medication used to treat bradycardia and reduce secretions before surgery. It has no effect on reversing anticoagulation caused by heparin and would not be an appropriate treatment for heparin overdose.
B. Vitamin K. Vitamin K is used as an antidote for warfarin toxicity, as it helps produce clotting factors that warfarin inhibits. However, it does not reverse the effects of heparin, which works by enhancing the activity of antithrombin to prevent clot formation.
C. Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12 is essential for red blood cell production and neurological function, primarily used to treat conditions like pernicious anemia. It does not have any role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of heparin and would not be beneficial in this situation.
D. Protamine. Protamine sulfate is the specific antidote for heparin overdose. It binds to heparin, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects and preventing excessive bleeding. Protamine is administered intravenously in cases of heparin toxicity or when urgent reversal is needed, such as before surgery or in cases of uncontrolled bleeding.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. A pregnant parent. A child can receive the varicella vaccine even if the parent is pregnant. While the varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, the vaccinated child does not pose a significant risk of transmission to others. The parent should avoid direct contact with the vaccinee's rash if one develops, but this is not a contraindication to immunization.
B. Receiving treatment for leukemia. Children undergoing treatment for leukemia often have weakened immune systems due to chemotherapy or radiation. The varicella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, meaning it contains a weakened form of the virus that could cause severe illness in immunocompromised individuals. These children should not receive live vaccines until their immune function improves and their healthcare provider approves vaccination.
C. Taking acetaminophen for mild discomfort. Acetaminophen is an over-the-counter pain reliever and fever reducer that does not interfere with the efficacy or safety of the varicella vaccine. There is no evidence that mild analgesic use before or after vaccination affects immune response, so it is not a reason to withhold the immunization.
D. An allergy to eggs. Unlike some influenza and yellow fever vaccines, the varicella vaccine is not produced using egg-based components. An egg allergy is not a contraindication to receiving the varicella vaccine, as it does not contain egg proteins.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Diphenhydramine. Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine with anticholinergic properties that can increase the risk of central nervous system (CNS) depression when taken with haloperidol. Both drugs can cause sedation, confusion, and impaired coordination, increasing the risk of falls and other complications. Additionally, combining them can worsen extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) or lead to anticholinergic toxicity, making it an unsafe combination.
B. Docusate sodium. Docusate sodium is a stool softener used to prevent constipation. Haloperidol can cause constipation as a side effect due to its anticholinergic properties, so docusate sodium is safe and may even be beneficial in preventing bowel complications.
C. Ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain and inflammation. While it does not have a direct interaction with haloperidol, it should be used with caution in clients with a history of gastrointestinal issues or kidney disease. However, it does not pose a significant risk when taken alongside haloperidol.
D. Glucosamine. Glucosamine is a dietary supplement used to support joint health. It does not interact with haloperidol and does not have sedative or CNS effects. Clients taking haloperidol can safely use glucosamine if needed.
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