A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving an IV infusion of dextrose 10% in water. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse effects?
Hypokalemia.
Hypercalcemia.
Hypovolemia.
Hyperglycemia.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale:
Hypokalemia is not a direct adverse effect of dextrose 10% in water infusion. This solution does not contain potassium, and unless the patient already has low potassium levels or other contributing factors, it would not cause hypokalemia.
Choice B rationale:
Hypercalcemia is unrelated to dextrose 10% in water infusion. The solution does not contain calcium, and it would not lead to an increase in serum calcium levels.
Choice C rationale:
Hypovolemia, or low blood volume, is not typically associated with dextrose 10% in water infusion. However, if administered rapidly in large amounts, it could potentially cause fluid overload leading to hypervolemia.
Choice D rationale:
Hyperglycemia is a possible adverse effect of dextrose 10% in water infusion. The solution contains a high concentration of glucose, which can raise blood sugar levels if the body cannot adequately utilize or regulate the glucose. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential during such an infusion, especially in patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is ["A","C","D"]
Explanation
A, C, and D.
Choice A rationale:
The administration of sodium bicarbonate helps to correct acidosis, which can occur in chronic renal failure due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products in the absence of effective kidney function.
Choice C rationale:
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used to treat hyperkalemia, which is common in chronic renal failure due to impaired potassium excretion by the kidneys.
Choice D rationale:
Insulin can be prescribed to treat hyperkalemia by promoting the uptake of potassium into cells, thereby reducing the serum potassium level. Choice B and E rationale: Dextrose 10% and furosemide (Lasix) are not appropriate treatments for hyperkalemia. Dextrose 10% is asugar solution and does not impact potassium levels, while furosemide is a loop diuretic that primarily affects sodium and water excretion, not potassium.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Extracellular fluid deficit.
Choice A rationale:
Intracellular fluid deficit is a decrease in the fluid inside the cells, which may occur in conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Severe burns are more likely to cause extracellular fluid shifts rather than intracellular fluid deficits.
Choice B rationale:
Interstitial fluid deficit involves a decrease in fluid in the interstitial spaces between cells. While burns can lead to fluid shifts, the primary concern is fluid loss from the vascular space (extracellular fluid).
Choice C rationale:
Intracellular fluid overload is not a typical health problem associated with severe burns. Burn injuries are more likely to cause fluid loss and shifts out of the intracellular space.
Choice D rationale:
Severe burns can result in significant loss of plasma and extracellular fluid, leading to hypovolemia and extracellular fluid deficit. This fluid loss can lead to hypovolemic shock and other complications if not adequately managed.
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