A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?
Prion disease
Lewy body disease
HIV infection
Traumatic brain injury
The Correct Answer is B
B. Fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations are characteristic features of Lewy body dementia (LBD). LBD is a type of dementia that involves abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These deposits can cause fluctuations in cognitive abilities, leading to periods of clarity alternating with confusion or disorientation. Visual hallucinations are also common in LBD, often involving seeing people, animals, or objects that are not present.
A. Prion diseases are not commonly associated with fluctuating cognitive function.
C. HIV infection can cause a range of neurological complications, but they usually manifest differently from the symptoms described in the scenario.
D. Symptoms of TBI-related dementia would depend on the severity and location of the brain injury, but they often involve cognitive deficits consistent with the area of brain damage
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by unstable mood, behavior, and relationships, often leading to impulsive behaviors including self-harm. It's crucial for the family to understand the potential for self-harm in individuals with BPD and to learn how to recognize warning signs and effectively intervene to ensure the client's safety.
A. While medication may be a component of treatment for some individuals with BPD, it is not typically the first-line intervention for managing the disorder.
C. Group therapy, particularly dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) groups, can be beneficial for individuals with BPD as they provide opportunities for skill-buildin. However, it may not be the immediate priority when teaching the family about BPD.
D. Insurance coverage can be addressed at a later time, and the immediate focus should be on providing information and support to help the family understand and cope with the diagnosis and its implications for the client's well-being.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
C. Dissociative amnesia is characterized by difficulty remembering important personal information, typically of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. The manifestation of guilt is common in individuals experiencing dissociative amnesia, as they may feel guilty about their inability to recall events or about any actions that occurred during the period of amnesia.
A. Hallucinations involve perceiving sensations that are not present in reality, such as hearing voices or seeing things that others do not. While hallucinations can occur in various psychiatric disorders, they are not a typical manifestation of dissociative amnesia.
B. Delusions are false beliefs that are firmly held despite evidence to the contrary. Like hallucinations, delusions can occur in various psychiatric disorders, but they are not characteristic of dissociative amnesia.
D. Anhedonia refers to a reduced ability to experience pleasure or interest in previously enjoyable activities. It is not directly related to dissociative amnesia.
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