A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?
Prion disease
Lewy body disease
HIV infection
Traumatic brain injury
The Correct Answer is B
B. Fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations are characteristic features of Lewy body dementia (LBD). LBD is a type of dementia that involves abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These deposits can cause fluctuations in cognitive abilities, leading to periods of clarity alternating with confusion or disorientation. Visual hallucinations are also common in LBD, often involving seeing people, animals, or objects that are not present.
A. Prion diseases are not commonly associated with fluctuating cognitive function.
C. HIV infection can cause a range of neurological complications, but they usually manifest differently from the symptoms described in the scenario.
D. Symptoms of TBI-related dementia would depend on the severity and location of the brain injury, but they often involve cognitive deficits consistent with the area of brain damage
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others. Individuals with ASPD often engage in impulsive and aggressive behaviors, such as physical fights, reckless disregard for safety, and criminal activities. A Narcissistic personality disorder: Individuals with narcissistic personality disorder may display grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy, but they typically do not engage in aggressive or impulsive behavior.
B. While aggression can occur in individuals with borderline personality disorder, it is often directed towards themselves rather than others, and the presentation described in the scenario is more indicative of ASPD.
C. Individuals with histrionic personality disorder may seek attention, display exaggerated emotions, and have a strong desire to be the center of attention, but they are not typically associated with aggressive or violent behavior as described in the scenario.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dissociative amnesia involves difficulty remembering important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting. In the case of a client who has been sexually assaulted and is having difficulty remembering events related to the assault, dissociative amnesia is the likely experience.
B. Depersonalization/derealization disorder involves persistent feelings of detachment from oneself or one's surroundings. While this condition can occur in response to trauma, it typically involves a sense of detachment rather than memory loss.
C. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the presence of two or more distinct personality states, each with its own pattern of perceiving and interacting with the world.
D. Factitious disorder involves the deliberate falsification or exaggeration of physical or psychological symptoms in oneself. It is not directly related to memory loss or difficulty remembering events.
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