A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?

Prion disease

Lewy body disease

HIV infection

Traumatic brain injury

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations are characteristic features of Lewy body dementia (LBD). LBD is a type of dementia that involves abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These deposits can cause fluctuations in cognitive abilities, leading to periods of clarity alternating with confusion or disorientation. Visual hallucinations are also common in LBD, often involving seeing people, animals, or objects that are not present.

A. Prion diseases are not commonly associated with fluctuating cognitive function.

C. HIV infection can cause a range of neurological complications, but they usually manifest differently from the symptoms described in the scenario.

D. Symptoms of TBI-related dementia would depend on the severity and location of the brain injury, but they often involve cognitive deficits consistent with the area of brain damage

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

C. Methamphetamine use can lead to vasoconstriction and increased blood pressure, which significantly elevate the risk of cardiovascular complications such as heart disease and stroke. The drug's stimulant effects can cause persistent high blood pressure, irregular heart rhythms, inflammation of blood vessels, and damage to the heart muscle.

A, B, D- Methamphetamine have no direct effect on bones health, brain, liver or the pancreas

A. "Regular physical examinations are commonly used to diagnose mental illness." B. "Screening for mental illness is difficult because most mental illnesses cannot be detected through laboratory testing." C. "Risk factors for developing a mental illness are unknown, making screening difficult." D. "Mental illnesses can be detected through regular blood tests."

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Mental illnesses are primarily diagnosed through clinical assessments, interviews, and observation of symptoms by mental health professionals. While laboratory tests may be used to rule out other medical conditions that could mimic psychiatric symptoms or to monitor the effects of medication, they are not typically used as primary screening tools for mental illness.

A. Regular physical examinations are important for overall health and may help identify physical conditions that could contribute to or coexist with mental health symptoms. However, physical examinations alone are not sufficient for diagnosing mental illness.

C. There are known risk factors associated with the development of various mental health conditions.

D. There are no specific blood tests that can definitively diagnose most mental health disorders. Blood tests may be used to rule out physical conditions that could be contributing to symptoms or to monitor medication levels, but they are not direct diagnostic tools for mental illness.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

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Correct Answer is B

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