A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?

Prion disease

Lewy body disease

HIV infection

Traumatic brain injury

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

B. Fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations are characteristic features of Lewy body dementia (LBD). LBD is a type of dementia that involves abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. These deposits can cause fluctuations in cognitive abilities, leading to periods of clarity alternating with confusion or disorientation. Visual hallucinations are also common in LBD, often involving seeing people, animals, or objects that are not present.

A. Prion diseases are not commonly associated with fluctuating cognitive function.

C. HIV infection can cause a range of neurological complications, but they usually manifest differently from the symptoms described in the scenario.

D. Symptoms of TBI-related dementia would depend on the severity and location of the brain injury, but they often involve cognitive deficits consistent with the area of brain damage

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Exposure to substances at a young age, especially during periods of brain development, increases the risk of addiction. Adolescents and young adults are particularly vulnerable to the effects of drugs and alcohol because their brains are still developing, particularly in areas related to decision-making, impulse control, and risk assessment.

A. The availability of medical insurance coverage for treatment does not directly increase the potential for addiction.

C. Cognitive deficits or vulnerabilities may predispose individuals to addiction, such as impulsivity or difficulty regulating emotions but they are not inherent characteristics of the brain.

D. Addiction can occur at any age, depending on various factors such as genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and individual vulnerabilities.

A. The client still journals their feelings about their sister's death 7 years ago. B. The client took courses online and experienced cyberbullying, C. The client reports that they primarily eat fast food while living on a limited budget. D. The client reports missing classes due to suffering from seasonal allergies.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

B. Experiencing cyberbullying can have significant negative effects on an adolescent's mental health and well-being. Addressing cyberbullying promptly is crucial to ensuring the client's safety and mental health.

A. Journaling their feelings about their sister's death suggests that they are actively processing their emotions, which can be a healthy coping mechanism.

C. Addressing dietary habits and providing education on healthy eating is important but it may not be as urgent as addressing issues such as cyberbullying or mental health concerns.

D. While supporting the client with managing their allergies is important, it may not be the priority for immediate intervention compared to issues such as cyberbullying or mental health concerns.

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A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing fluctuating cognition and visual hallucinations. Which of the following types of dementia should the nurse expect this client to have?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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