A nurse is caring for a client who has signed an informed consent form to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The client states to the nurse, "I'm not sure about this now. I'm afraid it's too risky." Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

Choice A rationale:

Irritability is a common withdrawal symptom in newborns exposed to cocaine during pregnancy. Cocaine exposure can lead to irritability, restlessness, and difficulty in consoling the newborn.

Choice B rationale:

Hypotonicity, or decreased muscle tone, is not a common finding associated with cocaine exposure in newborns. Cocaine exposure more commonly results in hypertonicity, where the muscles are tense and rigid.

Choice C rationale:

Decreased auditory startle response is not a typical finding associated with cocaine exposure. Newborns exposed to cocaine may have an exaggerated startle response, which is the opposite of the expected finding in this case.

Choice D rationale:

Increased head circumference is not a characteristic finding associated with cocaine exposure. Cocaine exposure is more likely to cause growth restriction, low birth weight, and microcephaly (small head size) in newborns.

Choice A rationale:

Instructing the client to maintain a full bladder is not relevant to an amniocentesis procedure. A full bladder may be necessary for certain other procedures, such as a pelvic ultrasound, but not for amniocentesis.

Choice B rationale:

Administering a tocolytic 30 minutes before the procedure is not a standard practice for amniocentesis. Tocolytics are medications used to suppress uterine contractions and are not routinely administered before this procedure.

Choice C rationale:

Monitoring the fetal heart rate throughout the procedure is essential during an amniocentesis. This helps assess the well-being of the fetus and ensures that the procedure is not causing fetal distress. Any changes in fetal heart rate can indicate potential complications and may require immediate intervention.

Choice D rationale:

Placing the client in Trendelenburg position during the procedure is not recommended for amniocentesis. Trendelenburg position, where the body is supine with the legs elevated higher than the head, is not routinely used during this procedure and may cause discomfort to the client without providing significant clinical benefits.