A nurse is caring for a client who has severe preeclampsia and is receiving hydralazine IV bolus for blood pressure management.

Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for? (Select all that apply.)

The correct answer is choice A. Cerebral hemorrhage.Eclampsia is a severe complication of preeclampsia that causes seizures and can lead to stroke or death.Cerebral hemorrhage is bleeding in the brain that can result from high blood pressure and swelling in the brain caused by eclampsia.It is one of the most common causes of death in women with eclampsia.

Choice B. Pulmonary edema is wrong because it is not the most common cause of death in women with eclampsia.

Pulmonary edema is fluid accumulation in the lungs that can impair breathing and oxygen exchange.It can occur as a complication of eclampsia, but it is less frequent than cerebral hemorrhage.

Choice C. Liver rupture is wrong because it is not the most common cause of death in women with eclampsia.

Liver rupture is a rare but serious complication of eclampsia that involves bleeding from the liver due to increased pressure and damage to the liver tissue.It can cause severe abdominal pain, shock and death.

Choice D. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is wrong because it is not the most common cause of death in women with eclampsia.

DIC is a condition where the blood clotting system becomes overactive and forms clots throughout the body, leading to bleeding and organ failure.It can occur as a complication of eclampsia, but it is less common than cerebral hemorrhage.

Normal ranges for blood pressure are below 140/90 mmHg and for proteinuria are below 300 mg/24 hours or below 30 mg/dL in a urine sample.

The correct answer is choice A, B, C and E.These are all risk factors for gestational hypertension according to various sources.

Some possible explanations for each choice are:

• Choice A: Maternal age over 35 years.Older women are more likely to have chronic hypertension, diabetes, or other conditions that increase the risk of gestational hypertension.

• Choice B: First pregnancy.Women who are pregnant for the first time are more likely to develop gestational hypertension than women who have had previous pregnancies.

• Choice C: Multiple gestation.Women who are carrying twins, triplets, or more are more likely to have gestational hypertension because of the increased placental mass and blood volume.

• Choice D: History of diabetes mellitus.This is not a risk factor for gestational hypertension, but it is a risk factor for preeclampsia, which is a more severe form of hypertension that involves proteinuria and organ damage.

Preeclampsia can develop from gestational hypertension or occur independently.

• Choice E: African American race.African American women are more likely to have gestational hypertension than women of other races or ethnicities.

This may be due to genetic, environmental, or social factors that affect blood pressure regulation.

Normal ranges for blood pressure during pregnancy are less than 140/90 mmHg.Gestational hypertension is diagnosed when blood pressure is greater than or equal to 140/90 mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy and there is no proteinuria or other signs of preeclampsia.Gestational hypertension usually goes away after delivery, but it can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.