A nurse is caring for a client who has rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity?
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.
Choice B reason:
Type II hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve IgG or IgM antibodies or target cells.2
Choice C reason:
RA is caused by type III hypersensitivity, which involves the formation and deposition of immune complexes in the synovial membranes of the joints. This triggers complement activation, inflammation, and tissue damage.
Choice D reason:
Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in RA, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Vascular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the changes in blood flow and vascular permeability at the site of injury or infection. It manifests as redness and warmth due to vasodilation and increased blood flow, and swelling due to fluid leakage from the vessels into the interstitial space.
Choice B reason:
Cellular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the migration of white blood cells from the vessels into the tissues to eliminate the causative agent and remove the damaged tissue. It manifests as pain due to the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve endings, and purulent drainage due to the accumulation of dead cells and microorganisms.
Choice D reason:
Resolution stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the restoration of normal tissue structure and function after the elimination of the causative agent and the removal of the damaged tissue. It manifests as decreased redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and drainage due to the cessation of inflammatory response.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Gram-positive cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of gram-positive cocci that can cause infections such as pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, or rheumatic fever.
Choice B reason:
Gram-negative cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are examples of gram-negative cocci that can cause infections such as gonorrhea, meningitis, or septicemia.
Choice C reason:
Gram-positive bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum are examples of gram-positive bacilli that can cause infections such as anthrax, botulism, or tetanus.
Choice D reason:
Gram-negative bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are examples of gram-negative bacilli that can cause infections such as urinary tract infection, wound infection, or sepsis.
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