A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection caused by Candida albicans. The nurse understands that this microorganism belongs to what group of microorganisms?
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Parasites
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A reason:
Bacteria are microorganisms that have a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and a cell membrane composed of phospholipids. They can be classified by their shape (cocci or bacilli), their Gram stain (positive or negative), or their oxygen requirement (aerobic or anaerobic).
Choice B reason:
Viruses are microorganisms that have a nucleic acid core (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat (capsid) and sometimes an envelope derived from the host cell membrane. They can only replicate inside living cells and cause various diseases such as influenza, herpes, hepatitis, or AIDS.
Choice C reason:
Fungi are microorganisms that have a cell wall composed of chitin and a cell membrane composed of ergosterol. They can exist as yeasts or molds depending on the environmental conditions. Candida albicans is an example of fungi that can cause infections such as thrush, vaginitis, or systemic candidiasis.
Choice D reason:
Parasites are microorganisms that live on or in another organism (host) and derive nutrients from it. They can be classified by their size (protozoa or helminths) or their mode of transmission (vector-borne or direct contact). They can cause infections such as malaria, giardiasis, or schistosomiasis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Vascular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the changes in blood flow and vascular permeability at the site of injury or infection. It manifests as redness and warmth due to vasodilation and increased blood flow, and swelling due to fluid leakage from the vessels into the interstitial space.
Choice B reason:
Cellular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the migration of white blood cells from the vessels into the tissues to eliminate the causative agent and remove the damaged tissue. It manifests as pain due to the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve endings, and purulent drainage due to the accumulation of dead cells and microorganisms.
Choice D reason:
Resolution stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the restoration of normal tissue structure and function after the elimination of the causative agent and the removal of the damaged tissue. It manifests as decreased redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and drainage due to the cessation of inflammatory response.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Decreased hematocrit is an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Hematocrit is the percentage of red blood cells in the blood. Hypovolemia causes hemoconcentration, which increases the hematocrit level. IV fluid therapy restores the blood volume and dilutes the red blood cells, which decreases the hematocrit level.
Choice B reason:
Increased urine specific gravity is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Urine specific gravity is a measure of the concentration of solutes in the urine. Hypovolemia causes dehydration, which increases the urine specific gravity. IV fluid therapy rehydrates the body and lowers the urine specific gravity.
Choice C reason:
Decreased central venous pressure is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Central venous pressure is a measure of the pressure in the right atrium and vena cava. Hypovolemia causes decreased preload, which lowers the central venous pressure. IV fluid therapy increases preload and raises the central venous pressure.
Choice D reason:
Increased blood urea nitrogen is not an indicator of improvement for a client who has hypovolemia and is receiving IV fluid therapy. Blood urea nitrogen is a measure of the amount of urea in the blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism that is excreted by the kidneys. Hypovolemia causes decreased renal perfusion, which increases the blood urea nitrogen level. IV fluid therapy improves renal perfusion and lowers the blood urea nitrogen level.
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