A nurse is caring for a client who has contact dermatitis after exposure to poison ivy. The nurse recognizes that this condition is mediated by what type of cells?
B cells
T cells
T cells
Mast cells
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
B cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not produce antibodies or form immune complexes.
Choice B reason:
T cells are the type of cells that mediate contact dermatitis, which is a type of type IV hypersensitivity. T cells recognize the poison ivy antigens that bind to the skin proteins and release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to a delayed and localized reaction that manifests as erythema, edema, vesicles, and pruritus.
Choice C reason:
T cells are not the same as B cells, as they have different receptors and functions in the immune system.
Choice D reason:
Mast cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not express IgE antibodies or release histamine.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
The SOFA score is a tool that assesses the degree of organ dysfunction or failure in septic shock. It is based on six parameters: blood pressure, Glasgow coma scale, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, platelet count, bilirubin level, and creatinine level. Each parameter is assigned a score from 0 to 4 based on the severity of the abnormality. The total SOFA score ranges from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating worse organ dysfunction or failure.
The client's blood pressure of 80/50 mmHg corresponds to a SOFA score of 1, as it indicates hypotension.
The client's Glasgow coma scale is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (15), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's PaO2/FiO2 ratio is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (>400), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's platelet count is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (>150 x 10^9/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's bilirubin level is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (<20 micromol/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The client's creatinine level is not given, so it is assumed to be normal (<110 micromol/L), which corresponds to a SOFA score of 0.
The total SOFA score is the sum of the scores for each parameter: 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 1. Therefore, the client has a SOFA score of 1.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Vascular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the changes in blood flow and vascular permeability at the site of injury or infection. It manifests as redness and warmth due to vasodilation and increased blood flow, and swelling due to fluid leakage from the vessels into the interstitial space.
Choice B reason:
Cellular stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the migration of white blood cells from the vessels into the tissues to eliminate the causative agent and remove the damaged tissue. It manifests as pain due to the release of chemical mediators that stimulate nerve endings, and purulent drainage due to the accumulation of dead cells and microorganisms.
Choice D reason:
Resolution stage is the stage of inflammation that involves the restoration of normal tissue structure and function after the elimination of the causative agent and the removal of the damaged tissue. It manifests as decreased redness, warmth, swelling, pain, and drainage due to the cessation of inflammatory response.
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