A nurse is caring for a client who has an infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. The nurse understands that this microorganism belongs to what group of bacteria?
Gram-positive cocci
Gram-negative cocci
Gram-positive bacilli
Gram-negative bacilli
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Gram-positive cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Streptococcus pyogenes is an example of gram-positive cocci that can cause infections such as pharyngitis, impetigo, cellulitis, necrotizing fasciitis, or rheumatic fever.
Choice B reason:
Gram-negative cocci are bacteria that have a spherical shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis are examples of gram-negative cocci that can cause infections such as gonorrhea, meningitis, or septicemia.
Choice C reason:
Gram-positive bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain purple with Gram stain due to their thick peptidoglycan cell wall. Bacillus anthracis and Clostridium botulinum are examples of gram-positive bacilli that can cause infections such as anthrax, botulism, or tetanus.
Choice D reason:
Gram-negative bacilli are bacteria that have a rod-shaped shape and stain pink with Gram stain due to their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are examples of gram-negative bacilli that can cause infections such as urinary tract infection, wound infection, or sepsis.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
B cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not produce antibodies or form immune complexes.
Choice B reason:
T cells are the type of cells that mediate contact dermatitis, which is a type of type IV hypersensitivity. T cells recognize the poison ivy antigens that bind to the skin proteins and release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to a delayed and localized reaction that manifests as erythema, edema, vesicles, and pruritus.
Choice C reason:
T cells are not the same as B cells, as they have different receptors and functions in the immune system.
Choice D reason:
Mast cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not express IgE antibodies or release histamine.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
This is an incorrect answer because cardiogenic shock is a severe form of heart failure that occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood to maintain adequate tissue perfusion and oxygenation, resulting in hypotension, tachycardia, oliguria, altered mental status, and cold and clammy skin.
Choice B reason:
This is an incorrect answer because pulmonary embolism is a condition in which a blood clot travels to the lungs and blocks one or more pulmonary arteries, causing sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea, and hypoxia.
Choice C reason:
This is a correct answer because right-sided heart failure occurs when the right ventricle of the heart fails to pump blood effectively to the lungs, causing blood to back up in the systemic circulation and leading to fluid accumulation in the lungs, neck veins, and extremities.
Choice D reason:
This is an incorrect answer because left-sided heart failure occurs when the left ventricle of the heart fails to pump blood effectively to the body, causing blood to back up in the pulmonary circulation and leading to pulmonary congestion, dyspnea, orthopnea, coughing, and fatigue.
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