A nurse is caring for a client who has Graves' disease. The nurse understands that this condition is caused by what type of hypersensitivity? (Select all that apply.)
Type I hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity
Type III hypersensitivity
Type IV hypersensitivity
Type V hypersensitivity
Correct Answer : B,E
Choice A reason:
Type I hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve IgE antibodies or mast cells.
Choice B reason:
Type II hypersensitivity is involved in Graves' disease, as it involves IgG antibodies that bind to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors on the thyroid gland and stimulate the production of thyroid hormones. This leads to hyperthyroidism and manifestations such as goiter, exophthalmos, tachycardia, weight loss, or tremors.
Choice C reason:
Type III hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve immune complexes or complement activation.
Choice D reason:
Type IV hypersensitivity is not involved in Graves' disease, as it does not involve cytotoxic T cells or helper T cells.
Choice E reason:
Type V hypersensitivity is also involved in Graves' disease, as it involves the stimulation of target cells by antibodies that act as agonists for cell surface receptors. This leads to an increased function of the target organ or tissue.
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Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
B cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not produce antibodies or form immune complexes.
Choice B reason:
T cells are the type of cells that mediate contact dermatitis, which is a type of type IV hypersensitivity. T cells recognize the poison ivy antigens that bind to the skin proteins and release cytokines that recruit macrophages and other inflammatory cells. This leads to a delayed and localized reaction that manifests as erythema, edema, vesicles, and pruritus.
Choice C reason:
T cells are not the same as B cells, as they have different receptors and functions in the immune system.
Choice D reason:
Mast cells are not involved in contact dermatitis, as they do not express IgE antibodies or release histamine.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice D reason:
Malignant neoplasia of bone marrow cells. Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from the abnormal and uncontrolled growth of hematopoietic stem cells or progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These cells can proliferate and differentiate into various types of blood cells, such as lymphocytes, granulocytes, monocytes, or erythrocytes. Leukemia can be classified by the type of cell involved (myeloid or lymphoid) and the rate of progression (acute or chronic).
Choice A reason:
Benign neoplasia of blood cells is not a correct term for leukemia, as leukemia is a malignant condition that can invade and destroy normal blood cells and tissues. Benign neoplasia of blood cells is a rare condition that involves the overproduction of normal blood cells, such as polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia.
Choice B reason:
Malignant neoplasia of blood cells is not a correct term for leukemia, as leukemia does not originate from blood cells, but from bone marrow cells. Malignant neoplasia of blood cells is a term that can be used for lymphoma, which is a type of cancer that originates from lymphocytes in the lymphatic system.
Choice C reason:
Benign neoplasia of bone marrow cells is not a correct term for leukemia, as leukemia is a malignant condition that can spread to other organs or systems. Benign neoplasia of bone marrow cells is a term that can be used for myelodysplastic syndrome, which is a condition that involves the abnormal development and maturation of bone marrow cells.
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