A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client statements can be expected?
I can expect to have swelling in my face.
I lose protein in my urine.
I should increase my sodium intake.
I should expect my provider to prescribe a kidney biopsy.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Swelling in the face, particularly around the eyes, is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome. This condition causes the kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine, leading to a decrease in blood protein levels. This imbalance causes fluid to accumulate in tissues, resulting in swelling (edema), especially in areas like the face and ankles.
Choice B reason:
Losing protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The condition damages the glomeruli in the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste and retaining essential proteins. When these filters are damaged, proteins like albumin leak into the urine, leading to significant protein loss.
Choice C reason:
Increasing sodium intake is not recommended for clients with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, a low-sodium diet is often advised to help manage symptoms such as swelling and high blood pressure. Excess sodium can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen edema.
Choice D reason:
A kidney biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure for nephrotic syndrome. It involves taking a small sample of kidney tissue to examine under a microscope. This helps determine the underlying cause of the syndrome and guides treatment decisions.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Saying “It doesn’t appear as though you are feeling anxious” is not an appropriate response. This statement invalidates the client’s feelings and can make them feel misunderstood or dismissed. It is important for the nurse to acknowledge the client’s report of anxiety and provide a supportive environment for them to express their concerns.
Choice B reason:
“Tell me what has been happening lately” is the most appropriate response. This open-ended question encourages the client to share more about their experiences and feelings, which can help the nurse understand the underlying causes of the anxiety. It also shows empathy and a willingness to listen, which are crucial in building a therapeutic relationship.
Choice C reason:
“I think you should see a therapist” might be a helpful suggestion, but it is not the best immediate response. While referring the client to a therapist can be part of the long-term management plan, the nurse should first listen to the client’s concerns and provide immediate support. Suggesting therapy right away might make the client feel like their concerns are being brushed off.
Choice D reason:
“Do you think your anxiety is worse than everyone else’s?” is not a helpful response. This question can come across as judgmental and may make the client feel defensive or invalidated. It is important for the nurse to focus on understanding the client’s individual experience rather than comparing it to others.
Correct Answer is ["31"]
Explanation
Step 1: Determine the total volume to be infused.
- Total volume = 250 mL
Step 2: Determine the total time for infusion in minutes.
- Total time = 2 hours
- Convert hours to minutes: 2 hours × 60 minutes/hour = 120 minutes
- Result: 120 minutes
Step 3: Determine the drop factor.
- Drop factor = 15 gtts/mL
Step 4: Calculate the flow rate in drops per minute.
- Flow rate (gtts/min) = (Total volume in mL × Drop factor) ÷ Total time in minutes
- Flow rate (gtts/min) = (250 mL × 15 gtts/mL) ÷ 120 minutes
- Result: (250 × 15) = 3750
- Result: 3750 ÷ 120 = 31.25
Step 5: Round the result to the nearest whole number.
- Rounded result: 31
Final Answer: The nurse should adjust the flow rate to deliver 31 drops per minute.
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