A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client statements can be expected?

I can expect to have swelling in my face.

I lose protein in my urine.

I should increase my sodium intake.

I should expect my provider to prescribe a kidney biopsy.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason:

Swelling in the face, particularly around the eyes, is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome. This condition causes the kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine, leading to a decrease in blood protein levels. This imbalance causes fluid to accumulate in tissues, resulting in swelling (edema), especially in areas like the face and ankles.

Choice B reason:

Losing protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The condition damages the glomeruli in the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste and retaining essential proteins. When these filters are damaged, proteins like albumin leak into the urine, leading to significant protein loss.

Choice C reason:

Increasing sodium intake is not recommended for clients with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, a low-sodium diet is often advised to help manage symptoms such as swelling and high blood pressure. Excess sodium can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen edema.

Choice D reason:

A kidney biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure for nephrotic syndrome. It involves taking a small sample of kidney tissue to examine under a microscope. This helps determine the underlying cause of the syndrome and guides treatment decisions.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Apply intermittent ice to the affected ankle for the first 48 hours

Applying ice intermittently to the affected ankle for the first 48 hours helps reduce swelling and inflammation. Ice should be applied for 15-20 minutes every 2-3 hours during the initial phase of injury management. This practice is part of the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) protocol commonly used for sprains and strains.

Choice B reason: Wrap the affected ankle with an elasticized compression bandage

Wrapping the affected ankle with an elasticized compression bandage helps to minimize swelling and provide support to the injured area. Compression bandages should be snug but not too tight to avoid restricting blood flow. This is another component of the RICE protocol.

Choice C reason: Apply full weight-bearing on the affected ankle

Applying full weight-bearing on the affected ankle is not recommended immediately after a second-degree sprain. The ankle needs time to heal, and weight-bearing should be gradually reintroduced as pain and swelling decrease. Initially, the client should avoid putting weight on the injured ankle to prevent further damage.

Choice D reason: Elevate the affected ankle above the level of the heart

Elevating the affected ankle above the level of the heart helps reduce swelling by promoting venous return and decreasing fluid accumulation in the injured area. This is an essential part of the RICE protocol and should be done as much as possible during the first 48 hours.

Choice E reason: Apply a heating pad intermittently to the affected ankle after 48 hours

Applying a heating pad intermittently to the affected ankle after 48 hours can help increase blood flow and promote healing. Heat therapy should be used after the initial acute phase (first 48 hours) when swelling has subsided. Heat can help relax muscles and reduce stiffness in the injured area.

A. The preschooler mispronounces words. B. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences. C. The preschooler stutters when speaking. D. The preschooler talks to himself when reading. E. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: The preschooler mispronounces words can be a sign of a speech sound disorder. While some mispronunciation is normal in early speech development, persistent difficulty with articulation may indicate a need for speech therapy to improve clarity and communication skills.

Choice B reason: The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences may indicate a delay in expressive language development. By preschool age, children typically use longer sentences and more complex language structures. Limited sentence length can suggest a need for further evaluation and intervention.

Choice C reason: The preschooler stutters when speaking can be a sign of a fluency disorder. Stuttering involves disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. Early intervention with speech therapy can help manage and reduce stuttering.

Choice D reason: The preschooler talks to himself when reading is generally not a concern. Self-talk can be a normal part of development and learning, as children often verbalize their thoughts and actions. It does not typically indicate a need for speech therapy.

Choice E reason: The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone can indicate a resonance disorder, which affects the quality of the voice. A nasally tone may result from structural issues or improper use of the vocal tract. Speech therapy can help address these issues and improve vocal quality.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client statements can be expected?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]

Explanation

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