A nurse is caring for a client who has nephrotic syndrome. The nurse should recognize that which of the following client statements can be expected?
I can expect to have swelling in my face.
I lose protein in my urine.
I should increase my sodium intake.
I should expect my provider to prescribe a kidney biopsy.
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A reason:
Swelling in the face, particularly around the eyes, is a common symptom of nephrotic syndrome. This condition causes the kidneys to leak large amounts of protein into the urine, leading to a decrease in blood protein levels. This imbalance causes fluid to accumulate in tissues, resulting in swelling (edema), especially in areas like the face and ankles.
Choice B reason:
Losing protein in the urine, known as proteinuria, is a hallmark of nephrotic syndrome. The condition damages the glomeruli in the kidneys, which are responsible for filtering waste and retaining essential proteins. When these filters are damaged, proteins like albumin leak into the urine, leading to significant protein loss.
Choice C reason:
Increasing sodium intake is not recommended for clients with nephrotic syndrome. In fact, a low-sodium diet is often advised to help manage symptoms such as swelling and high blood pressure. Excess sodium can exacerbate fluid retention and worsen edema.
Choice D reason:
A kidney biopsy is a common diagnostic procedure for nephrotic syndrome. It involves taking a small sample of kidney tissue to examine under a microscope. This helps determine the underlying cause of the syndrome and guides treatment decisions.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: Testing new nurses for exposure to tuberculosis
Testing new nurses for exposure to tuberculosis is an example of secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early, often before symptoms are present, to minimize serious consequences. This activity involves screening and early detection, which are hallmarks of secondary prevention.
Choice B reason: Providing treatment for clients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Providing treatment for clients who have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an example of tertiary prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on managing existing diseases to prevent complications, reduce disability, and improve quality of life. This includes ongoing treatment and rehabilitation efforts to manage chronic conditions effectively.
Choice C reason: Performing screening for sexually transmitted infections
Performing screening for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is another example of secondary prevention. Screening programs aim to detect diseases early, often before symptoms appear, to provide timely treatment and prevent further spread. This activity is crucial for early intervention and control of infectious diseases.
Choice D reason: Administering influenza immunizations at a local health fair
Administering influenza immunizations is an example of primary prevention. Primary prevention aims to prevent diseases from occurring in the first place through measures such as vaccinations, health education, and lifestyle modifications. Immunizations are a key component of primary prevention strategies.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason: Free T4
In primary hypothyroidism, the thyroid gland is underactive and does not produce enough thyroid hormones. As a result, free T4 levels are typically low, not elevated. Free T4 is a direct measure of the active thyroid hormone available in the blood. Therefore, an elevation in free T4 is not expected in primary hypothyroidism.
Choice B reason: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is elevated in primary hypothyroidism due to the lack of negative feedback from low thyroid hormone levels. The pituitary gland produces more TSH in an attempt to stimulate the thyroid gland to produce more hormones. This is a hallmark finding in primary hypothyroidism and is used as a key diagnostic indicator.
Choice C reason: Serum T3
Serum T3 levels can be variable in primary hypothyroidism. While they may be low, they are often maintained within the normal range until the condition becomes severe. This is because T3 is produced in smaller quantities and has a shorter half-life compared to T4. Therefore, an elevation in serum T3 is not typically seen in primary hypothyroidism.
Choice D reason: Serum T4
Similar to free T4, serum T4 levels are usually low in primary hypothyroidism. The thyroid gland’s reduced ability to produce thyroid hormones results in decreased levels of both free and total T4. Thus, an elevation in serum T4 is not expected in primary hypothyroidism.
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