A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply)
The preschooler mispronounces words.
The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
The preschooler stutters when speaking.
The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A reason: The preschooler mispronounces words can be a sign of a speech sound disorder. While some mispronunciation is normal in early speech development, persistent difficulty with articulation may indicate a need for speech therapy to improve clarity and communication skills.
Choice B reason: The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences may indicate a delay in expressive language development. By preschool age, children typically use longer sentences and more complex language structures. Limited sentence length can suggest a need for further evaluation and intervention.
Choice C reason: The preschooler stutters when speaking can be a sign of a fluency disorder. Stuttering involves disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. Early intervention with speech therapy can help manage and reduce stuttering.
Choice D reason: The preschooler talks to himself when reading is generally not a concern. Self-talk can be a normal part of development and learning, as children often verbalize their thoughts and actions. It does not typically indicate a need for speech therapy.
Choice E reason: The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone can indicate a resonance disorder, which affects the quality of the voice. A nasally tone may result from structural issues or improper use of the vocal tract. Speech therapy can help address these issues and improve vocal quality.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason: 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline, is not the best choice for interim fluid replacement when TPN is delayed. While it can maintain hydration and electrolyte balance, it does not provide the necessary calories that TPN supplies. TPN solutions are rich in dextrose, amino acids, and lipids, which are essential for patients who cannot receive nutrition through their gastrointestinal tract.
Choice B reason: Dextrose 5% in water (D5W) provides some calories but not enough to meet the nutritional needs of a patient who is dependent on TPN. D5W contains 5 grams of dextrose per 100 mL, providing 170 calories per liter. This is insufficient for patients who require high-calorie intake due to their inability to eat or absorb nutrients normally.
Choice C reason: Dextrose 10% in water (D10W) is the most appropriate choice for interim fluid replacement when TPN is delayed. D10W provides 10 grams of dextrose per 100 mL, offering 340 calories per liter. This higher concentration of dextrose helps to maintain the patient’s caloric intake and prevent hypoglycemia until the next TPN container is available.
Choice D reason: Lactated Ringer’s solution is primarily used for fluid and electrolyte replacement. It contains sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and lactate, but it does not provide the necessary calories that TPN supplies. Therefore, it is not suitable for maintaining the nutritional needs of a patient who is dependent on TPN.
Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The statement “Long attention span” is generally not associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children with ASD often have difficulty maintaining attention on tasks or activities, especially those that do not interest them. They may exhibit hyperfocus on specific interests but typically struggle with sustained attention in other areas.
Choice B reason:
The statement “Delayed language development” is a common characteristic of ASD. Many children with autism experience delays in speech and language skills. They may have difficulty with verbal communication, understanding language, and using language in social contexts. This delay can vary widely among individuals with ASD.
Choice C reason:
The statement “Speaking with direct eye contact” is not typically associated with ASD. Children with autism often avoid direct eye contact and may find it uncomfortable or overwhelming. They might look away or use peripheral vision instead of making direct eye contact during conversations.
Choice D reason:
The statement “Repetitive behavior” is a hallmark of ASD. Children with autism often engage in repetitive behaviors, such as hand-flapping, rocking, or repeating certain actions or phrases. These behaviors can be a way to self-soothe or cope with sensory overload.
Choice E reason:
The statement “Playing with toys repetitively” is also characteristic of ASD. Children with autism may play with toys in a repetitive manner, such as lining them up, spinning them, or focusing on specific parts of the toy rather than using them in imaginative play. This repetitive play is part of the broader pattern of repetitive behaviors seen in ASD.
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