A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply)
The preschooler mispronounces words.
The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
The preschooler stutters when speaking.
The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
Correct Answer : A,B,C,E
Choice A reason: The preschooler mispronounces words can be a sign of a speech sound disorder. While some mispronunciation is normal in early speech development, persistent difficulty with articulation may indicate a need for speech therapy to improve clarity and communication skills.
Choice B reason: The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences may indicate a delay in expressive language development. By preschool age, children typically use longer sentences and more complex language structures. Limited sentence length can suggest a need for further evaluation and intervention.
Choice C reason: The preschooler stutters when speaking can be a sign of a fluency disorder. Stuttering involves disruptions in the flow of speech, such as repetitions, prolongations, or blocks. Early intervention with speech therapy can help manage and reduce stuttering.
Choice D reason: The preschooler talks to himself when reading is generally not a concern. Self-talk can be a normal part of development and learning, as children often verbalize their thoughts and actions. It does not typically indicate a need for speech therapy.
Choice E reason: The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone can indicate a resonance disorder, which affects the quality of the voice. A nasally tone may result from structural issues or improper use of the vocal tract. Speech therapy can help address these issues and improve vocal quality.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Breast enlargement is not a known side effect of ginkgo biloba. This herbal supplement is primarily used for its potential benefits in improving cognitive function and circulation. There is no evidence to suggest that ginkgo biloba causes breast enlargement.
Choice B reason:
Decreased alertness is not typically associated with ginkgo biloba. In fact, ginkgo biloba is often taken to enhance cognitive function and alertness. It is believed to improve blood flow to the brain, which can help with memory and mental clarity.
Choice C reason:
Bad breath is not a common side effect of ginkgo biloba. While some herbal supplements can cause changes in breath odor, ginkgo biloba is not known to have this effect. Bad breath is more commonly associated with poor oral hygiene or certain foods.
Choice D reason:
Bleeding gums can be a side effect of ginkgo biloba. This supplement has blood-thinning properties, which can increase the risk of bleeding. People taking ginkgo biloba should be cautious if they are also taking other blood-thinning medications or have conditions that predispose them to bleeding.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason: Diuretic use
Diuretic use can influence the formation of kidney stones, particularly certain types of diuretics that increase calcium excretion in the urine. However, this is not the most common or significant risk factor compared to others like family history or dietary habits. Diuretics such as loop diuretics can increase the risk of calcium stones by increasing calcium excretion.
Choice B reason: BMI less than 25
A BMI less than 25 is generally considered within the normal range and is not typically associated with an increased risk of urolithiasis. In fact, obesity is a more significant risk factor for kidney stones. Higher BMI is linked to increased excretion of stone-forming substances like calcium and oxalate.
Choice C reason: Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia, or low calcium levels in the blood, is not a common risk factor for urolithiasis. In fact, low dietary calcium can increase the risk of kidney stones because it leads to higher oxalate absorption in the gut, which can then form stones in the kidneys. Therefore, hypocalcemia is not typically associated with an increased risk of kidney stones.
Choice D reason: Family history
Family history is a significant risk factor for urolithiasis. If a close relative has had kidney stones, the likelihood of developing them increases. This is due to genetic predispositions that affect factors like urine composition and kidney function. Studies have shown that individuals with a family history of kidney stones are more likely to develop them themselves.
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