A nurse is caring for a client who has hyperemesis gravidarum. The nurse should identify that the client is at risk for which of the following conditions?
Elevated blood pressure
Leukopenia
Hydramnios
Ketonuria
The Correct Answer is C
A. Elevated blood pressure is typically associated with gestational hypertension or preeclampsia rather than hyperemesis gravidarum. In hyperemesis, the significant fluid loss through protracted vomiting more commonly leads to hypovolemia and a subsequent decrease in systemic blood pressure. While compensatory tachycardia may occur, hypertension is not a direct scientific expectation for this clinical condition.
B. Leukopenia, which is a decrease in the white blood cell count, is not a typical finding in clients suffering from hyperemesis gravidarum. Hemoconcentration caused by severe dehydration may actually result in a relative increase in various laboratory values, including hematocrit and occasionally white cell counts. There is no physiological mechanism within this disorder that causes the bone marrow suppression required for leukopenia.
C. Hydramnios, or excessive amniotic fluid volume, is generally associated with fetal anomalies or maternal diabetes rather than severe vomiting. Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by a state of maternal fluid volume deficit rather than an excess of amniotic fluid. In severe, untreated cases, maternal dehydration might actually lead to decreased placental perfusion and a potential reduction in amniotic fluid.
D. Ketonuria is a critical finding in hyperemesis gravidarum that indicates the body has shifted to an anaerobic metabolic state. Because the client cannot retain sufficient carbohydrates for energy, the body begins catabolizing adipose tissue to produce fuel, resulting in the accumulation of ketone bodies. The presence of these ketones in the urine confirms that the client is experiencing metabolic starvation and requires immediate intervention.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A) Incorrect- Abdominal breathing is a normal pattern in newborns and does not require immediate reporting.
B) Correct - Grunting is a sign of respiratory distress in a newborn and should be reported to the provider for further evaluation.
C) Incorrect- A respiratory rate of 55/min is within the normal range for a newborn and does not require immediate reporting.
D) Incorrect- Irregular respirations are common in newborns and may not necessarily be indicative of a problem.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A) Incorrect- While notifying the provider might be necessary, addressing bladder distention takes precedence in this scenario.
B) Incorrect- Administering an analgesic might be indicated for pain relief, but addressing bladder distention is the priority.
C) Correct - Assisting the client to empty her bladder is the first action to take. A full bladder can prevent the uterus from contracting properly and can lead to excessive bleeding.
D) Incorrect- Monitoring perineal pads for clots is important but not the first action to take when bladder distention is present.
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