A nurse is caring for a client who has heart failure and has started taking a loop diuretic.
Which of the following findings indicates the client is experiencing an adverse effect of the medication?
Decreased reflexes
Weight gain of 1.4 kg (3 lb)
Increased urinary output
Jugular vein distention
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale for A: Decreased reflexes can indicate hypokalemia, an adverse effect of loop diuretics. Loop diuretics increase the excretion of potassium, which can lead to low potassium levels, manifesting as muscle weakness and diminished reflexes.
Rationale for B: Weight gain, especially in the context of heart failure, suggests fluid retention rather than an adverse effect of a loop diuretic, which is expected to reduce fluid retention by promoting diuresis.
Rationale for C: Increased urinary output is an expected effect of loop diuretics, as they are used to remove excess fluid. This would not be considered an adverse effect unless it leads to dehydration or electrolyte imbalances.
Rationale for D: Jugular vein distention indicates fluid overload, which would suggest that the diuretic is not effective or that the heart failure is worsening. It is not a direct adverse effect of the medication itself.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. 1 cm of water present in the water seal chamber is within the expected range.
B. Tidaling with spontaneous respirations indicates the system is functioning properly.
C. Suction chamber pressure of -20 cm H2O is within the expected range for adequate suction.
D. The drainage collection chamber being one-third full suggests an accumulation of fluid beyond the expected level, which may indicate a potential complication such as hemorrhage or fluid buildup in the pleural space, requiring intervention by the nurse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Allowing the infant to suck on a pacifier during tube feedings can lead to aspiration or choking and is not recommended.
B. Placing enough formula for 12 hours in the feeding container may lead to formula spoilage and contamination, as formula should be prepared fresh for each feeding.
C. Changing the tube feeding setup every 36 hours is not typically necessary unless there are signs of contamination or malfunction. The frequency of changing the setup should be based on institutional policies and manufacturer recommendations.
D. Flushing the tube with water before and after feedings helps ensure proper hydration and prevents tube blockage. A volume of 30 mL is commonly recommended for infants.
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