A nurse is caring for a client who has flail chest. The nurse should identify the following information should the nurse include about adechest?

Coughing

Motor vehicle accidents

Falls

Assault

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Coughing: While coughing can be a symptom of respiratory distress or lung injury, it is not typically a direct cause of flail chest. Flail chest is characterized by multiple rib fractures leading to a segment of the chest wall moving independently, which can result from blunt trauma like a motor vehicle accident.
B. Motor vehicle accidents: Flail chest commonly results from significant trauma, such as that from a motor vehicle accident. The blunt force of the impact during an accident can cause multiple rib fractures, which can result in the characteristic paradoxical chest movement seen in flail chest.
C. Falls: Although falls can result in rib fractures, they are less likely to cause the severe trauma and multiple rib fractures required to result in flail chest. While serious falls could contribute to a flail chest in certain scenarios, motor vehicle accidents are more common for this type of injury.
D. Assault: While an assault can cause chest injuries, including rib fractures, it is less commonly associated with flail chest compared to the more significant force from motor vehicle accidents. The mechanism of injury in assaults may not involve the level of blunt trauma that leads to multiple rib fractures and flail chest.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "You have many dangerously low blood sugar levels. A hemoglobin A1C of 9% indicates chronic hyperglycemia, not hypoglycemia. This test reflects an average blood glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months, and a high value suggests consistently elevated blood glucose, not frequent lows.
B. "Your blood sugar is too high after meals." While postprandial glucose spikes may contribute to an elevated A1C, the A1C reflects overall glycemic control, not just after meals. This statement is too narrow and doesn’t fully address the long-term trend that a 9% A1C represents.
C. "Your average blood sugar is high." This is the most accurate statement. A hemoglobin A1C of 9% correlates with an estimated average blood glucose level of approximately 212 mg/dL, which is well above the recommended target. It reflects poor long-term blood sugar control.
D. "Your blood sugar is very unstable." An A1C of 9% does not measure variability in blood sugar; it reflects a sustained elevation in average glucose. Blood sugar instability would be better evaluated with continuous glucose monitoring or frequent blood glucose checks, not A1C.

A. Insulin resistance B. Metabolic acidosis C. Hypervolemia D. Ketosis

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Insulin resistance: HHS typically occurs in clients with type 2 diabetes who have some circulating insulin, but not enough to prevent severe hyperglycemia. Insulin resistance is a key feature, as it allows glucose levels to rise without triggering significant fat breakdown or ketone production.
B. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis is more commonly seen in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) due to the accumulation of ketones. In HHS, acidosis is usually absent or only mild because fat breakdown is minimal.
C. Hypervolemia: HHS leads to profound dehydration due to osmotic diuresis caused by severe hyperglycemia. Clients are more likely to be hypovolemic rather than hypervolemic due to fluid losses.
D. Ketosis: Unlike DKA, HHS generally does not present with significant ketosis because the body retains enough insulin to prevent fat breakdown. The absence of ketosis is one of the key diagnostic differences between the two conditions.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has flail chest. The nurse should identify the following information should the nurse include about adechest?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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