A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease and refuses further hemodialysis treatments. The client has advance directives that indicate no life-sustaining treatments. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Encourage the client to complete a final hemodialysis treatment.

Contact the client’s family to discuss the decision.

Discuss future treatment options with the client’s health care surrogate.

Discuss possible options for discharge with the client.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

Choice A reason: Encouraging a final hemodialysis treatment contradicts the client’s advance directives, which refuse life-sustaining treatments. Respecting autonomy is paramount, and persuading the client undermines their decision, making this action unethical and inappropriate in this end-of-life scenario.
Choice B reason: Contacting the family to discuss the decision is unnecessary unless the client is incapacitated, which is not indicated. The client’s advance directives guide care, and family input is secondary to the client’s wishes, making this action incorrect and irrelevant.
Choice C reason: Discussing treatment options with the surrogate is inappropriate, as the client is competent and has clear advance directives refusing treatment. The surrogate’s role applies only if the client cannot decide, making this action misaligned with the client’s autonomy and directives.
Choice D reason: Discussing discharge options respects the client’s refusal of treatment and advance directives, focusing on palliative care or home arrangements. This supports autonomy and aligns with end-of-life care principles, ensuring comfort and dignity, making it the correct action.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Experiencing delusions can contribute to agitation, but it is not the strongest predictor of violence. Delusions may lead to unpredictable behavior, but past actions are more reliable indicators, so this factor is less definitive, making it incorrect.
Choice B reason: A history of being in prison indicates past legal issues but not necessarily violent behavior. Incarceration alone is not a direct predictor of future violence, so this factor is less reliable than actual violent history, making it incorrect.
Choice C reason: A history of violent behavior is the best predictor of future violence, as past actions strongly correlate with recurrence, per evidence-based risk assessments. This reliable indicator guides safety planning, making it the correct factor to emphasize in teaching.
Choice D reason: Substance use disorder increases impulsivity and aggression risk, but it is less predictive than a documented history of violence. Substance use is a contributing factor, not the strongest indicator, so this is incorrect compared to past behavior.

A. You should contact a family member once a week to keep in touch. B. You need to move to a skilled nursing facility where they can prevent falls. C. You can have an unlicensed assistive person come to your house daily to stay with you. D. Install grab bars and remove loose rugs to reduce your risk of falling.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

Choice A reason: Contacting a family member weekly does not directly address fall prevention for a senior living alone. While social support is valuable, it does not mitigate physical fall risks like environmental hazards. This response fails to provide practical safety measures, making it inadequate for the client’s concern.
Choice B reason: Suggesting a move to a skilled nursing facility is extreme and dismisses the client’s autonomy to remain at home. Many seniors can live safely with modifications like grab bars or assistive devices. This response does not address immediate fall prevention strategies, making it inappropriate and overly restrictive.
Choice C reason: Having an unlicensed assistive person stay daily is impractical and costly for fall prevention. It does not address environmental hazards, the primary cause of falls. Home modifications and assistive devices are more effective and sustainable, making this response less appropriate than environmental safety measures.
Choice D reason: Installing grab bars and removing loose rugs directly reduces fall risks by improving stability and eliminating tripping hazards. These evidence-based modifications are effective for seniors living alone, enhancing safety without compromising independence. This response addresses the client’s fear with practical, actionable solutions, making it correct.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has end-stage kidney disease and refuses further hemodialysis treatments. The client has advance directives that indicate no life-sustaining treatments. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A charge nurse is teaching new staff members about factors that increase a client’s risk to become violent. Which of the following risk factors should the nurse include as the best predictor of future violence?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A nurse is teaching a class at a local senior center regarding safety in the home. A client states, “I am afraid of falling because I live alone and have no one to help me.” Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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