A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL

Malignant hypertension

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

Acetone odor to breath

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Blood glucose level below 40 mg/dL: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is characterized by hyperglycemia, typically with blood glucose levels significantly elevated above normal, often exceeding 250 mg/dL. A glucose level below 40 mg/dL would indicate hypoglycemia, which is not a feature of DKA.

B. Malignant hypertension: Malignant hypertension is a condition characterized by extremely high blood pressure and is not directly associated with DKA. DKA primarily involves issues with glucose and acid-base balance rather than hypertension.

C. Cheyne-Stokes breathing: Cheyne-Stokes breathing is a specific pattern of periodic breathing typically seen in severe neurologic conditions or heart failure, not in DKA. DKA is associated with Kussmaul breathing, which is deep and rapid breathing as the body attempts to compensate for metabolic acidosis.

D. Acetone odor to breath: An acetone (fruity) odor to the breath is a classic sign of DKA due to the presence of ketones in the blood and urine. This occurs because the body is breaking down fatty acids for energy, leading to the production of ketones, which are then excreted through the breath and urine.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Chloride 99 mEq/L: A chloride level of 99 mEq/L is within the normal range (96-106 mEq/L) and is not typically a cause for concern. It does not indicate any significant imbalance that would require immediate attention.

B. Calcium 10 mg/dL: A calcium level of 10 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5-10.5 mg/dL). Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hypercalcemia, but a level of 10 mg/dL is still within acceptable limits and not alarming.

C. Sodium 136 mEq/L: A sodium level of 136 mEq/L is within the normal range (135-145 mEq/L). While hydrochlorothiazide can cause electrolyte imbalances, this sodium level does not indicate hyponatremia or hypernatremia and is not a critical finding.

D. Potassium 2.3 mEq/L: A potassium level of 2.3 mEq/L is significantly below the normal range (3.5-5.0 mEq/L) and indicates severe hypokalemia. This is a critical finding that needs to be reported because low potassium levels can lead to dangerous cardiac arrhythmias and other complications.

A. Genetics B. Obesity C. History of smoking D. History of hypertension

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Genetics: Genetics is a non-modifiable risk factor for stroke, meaning it cannot be changed or controlled. A family history of stroke increases an individual's risk due to inherited traits or predispositions.

B. Obesity: Obesity is a modifiable risk factor. Individuals can reduce their risk through diet, exercise, and other lifestyle changes.

C. History of smoking: Smoking is a modifiable risk factor, as individuals can quit smoking to reduce their risk of stroke.

D. History of hypertension: Hypertension is also a modifiable risk factor, as it can be managed and controlled with medication and lifestyle changes.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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