A nurse is caring for a client who has been brought into an emergency department of a large hospital. The client's family state that the client "took some kind of drugs." The client is dizzy, has recently vomited, and is experiencing paranoia, yelling, "Stay away from me! You are going to kill me!" The client alternates yelling with mumbling and gesturing. Their eyes are darting back and forth as they are talking to the wall. The nurse should suspect the client has used which of the following substances?
Anabolic steroids
Opioids
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
The Correct Answer is D
D. The client's symptoms, including paranoia, perceptual disturbances (such as seeing things that aren't there), erratic behavior, and disorientation, are consistent with the effects of hallucinogens. Hallucinogens are a class of drugs that alter perception, mood, and cognitive processes.
A. Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of the male sex hormone testosterone. They are primarily used to promote muscle growth and enhance athletic performance.
B Opioids are a class of drugs that include prescription pain relievers, such as oxycodone and morphine, as well as illegal drugs like heroin.
C. Stimulants, such as cocaine and amphetamines, can cause symptoms such as paranoia, agitation, and hallucinations, particularly at high doses or with chronic use. However, the client's symptoms of darting eyes, paranoia, yelling, mumbling, and gesturing are more suggestive of hallucinogen use rather than stimulant use.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
D. Hyperactivity is one of the hallmark symptoms of ADHD, along with impulsivity and inattention. Therefore, the nurse should expect to observe hyperactivity in a client diagnosed with ADHD. Hyperactivity may manifest as excessive fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty remaining seated, or an inability to engage in quiet activities.
A. Hypoactivity refers to reduced levels of physical activity or diminished movement. However, ADHD is typically associated with hyperactivity rather than hypoactivity.
B. Hypohidrosis refers to decreased sweating. While sweating is not a primary symptom of ADHD, it is unrelated to the core features of the disorder, such as inattention and hyperactivity. C While sweating can occur in individuals with ADHD, it is not a defining characteristic of the disorder.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
B In Alzheimer's disease, cortical thinning typically begins in the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain, areas associated with memory, language, and higher cognitive functions. As the disease progresses, cortical thinning may extend to other regions of the brain, contributing to the worsening cognitive decline seen in affected individuals.
A. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) can result in various structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy, but cortical thinning is not a specific hallmark of HIV infection-related dementia.
C. Prion diseases can lead to spongiform changes and neuronal loss in the brain, but cortical thinning is not typically described as a characteristic feature.
D. Chronic substance abuse, particularly alcohol and certain drugs, can lead to structural and functional changes in the brain, including cortical atrophy. However, cortical thinning is not specific to substance use disorder-related dementia and can occur in various other neurological conditions as well.
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