A nurse is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

"Use simple, childlike statements when speaking."

"Incorporate nonverbal cues in the conversation."

"Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking."

"Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation."

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Aphasia is a language disorder that aﬀects the ability to understand or produce speech. It can be caused by damage to the brain regions that control language, such as from a stroke. Depending on the type and severity of aphasia, the client may have difficulty with comprehension, expression, reading, or writing. Communication strategies for clients with aphasia include using nonverbal cues, such as gestures, facial expressions, pictures, or objects, to supplement verbal messages and enhance understanding.

The other options are not correct because:

a. "Use simple, childlike statements when speaking." This statement is incorrect because it is patronizing and disrespectful to the client. The client's cognitive and intellectual abilities are not aﬀected by aphasia, only their language skills. The nurse should use simple and clear sentences, but not childish or demeaning ones.

c. "Use a higher-pitched tone of voice when speaking." This statement is incorrect because it is unnecessary and may be irritating to the client. The client's hearing is not aﬀected by aphasia, only their language processing. The nurse should use a normal tone of voice and speak slowly and clearly.

d. "Ask multiple choice questions as part of the conversation." This statement is incorrect because it may be confusing and frustrating to the client. The client may have difficulty with verbal output or comprehension, and

multiple choice questions may add to their cognitive load. The nurse should ask yes or no questions or use gestures or pictures to elicit responses from the client.

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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

The P wave is the first wave on the ECG strip and represents the electrical activity of the atria. It reﬂects the depolarization of the atrial myocardium, which is the process of changing the electrical charge of the cardiac cells from negative to positive, triggering a contraction. The P wave precedes the QRS complex, which represents ventricular depolarization, and the T wave, which represents ventricular repolarization.

The other options are not correct because:

a. Slow repolarization of ventricular Purkinje fibers. This statement is incorrect because it describes the U wave, which is a small and sometimes invisible wave that follows the T wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the repolarization of the ventricular Purkinje fibers, which are specialized cardiac cells that conduct electrical impulses to the ventricles. The U wave is more prominent in conditions that cause hypokalemia, such as diuretic use or vomiting.

c. Early ventricular repolarization. This statement is incorrect because it describes the ST segment, which is the ﬂat line between the QRS complex and the T wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the early phase of ventricular repolarization, which is the process of restoring the electrical charge of the cardiac cells to negative after a contraction. The ST segment can be elevated or depressed in conditions that cause myocardial ischemia or injury, such as angina or myocardial infarction.

d. Ventricular depolarization. This statement is incorrect because it describes the QRS complex, which is the largest and most visible wave on the ECG strip. It reﬂects the depolarization of the ventricular myocardium, which triggers a ventricular contraction. The QRS complex follows the P wave and precedes the T wave on the ECG strip.

A. Take 1 capsule at the onset of anginal pain. B. Take the medication with meals. C. Swallow the capsules whole. D. Stop taking the medication if side eﬀects are troublesome.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Swallowing the capsules whole is the correct way to take nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules, as they are designed to release the medication slowly and steadily over time. The client should not crush, chew, or open the capsules, as this can alter the absorption and eﬀectiveness of the medication.

Taking 1 capsule at the onset of anginal pain is not appropriate, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules are not meant for acute episodes of angina, but for long-term prevention and management. The client should use a fast-acting form of nitroglycerin, such as sublingual tablets or spray, to relieve anginal pain.

Taking the medication with meals is not necessary, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can be taken with or without food. However, the client should take the medication at regular intervals and around the same time each day.

Stopping taking the medication if side eﬀects are troublesome is not advisable, as nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules can cause withdrawal symptoms and rebound angina if discontinued abruptly. The client should consult with the provider before stopping or changing the dose of the medication. The client should also report any severe or persistent side eﬀects, such as headache, dizziness, hypotension, or tachycardia.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has aphasia following a stroke. A family member asks the nurse how she should communicate with the client. Which of the following responses by the nurse is appropriate?

Nursing Test Bank

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