A nurse is caring for a client who has an implanted venous access port.

Which of the following should the nurse use to access the port?

butterfly needle

An angiocatheter

A 25-gauge needle

A noncoring needle

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

The correct answer is choice D, a noncoring needle.

A noncoring needle is a special type of needle that has a beveled tip and a side hole. It is designed to prevent damage to the port’s septum, which is the soft silicone top that serves as the vein access point.

A noncoring needle also reduces the risk of infection and clotting.

Choice A is wrong because a butterfly needle is a small, winged needle that is used for peripheral venous access, not for accessing a port. A butterfly needle can damage the port’s septum and cause leakage or infection.

Choice B is wrong because an angiocatheter is a thin, plastic tube that is inserted into a vein using a needle.

It is used for short-term IV therapy, not for accessing a port. An angiocatheter can also damage the port’s septum and cause complications.

Choice C is wrong because a 25-gauge needle is too small to access a port.

A 25-gauge needle is typically used for subcutaneous injections, not for intravenous injections. A 25-gauge needle can also clog the port or cause hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells).

Normal ranges for ports vary depending on the type and size of the port, but generally they have a reservoir diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 cm, a catheter length of 40 to 60 cm, and a catheter diameter of 0.8 to 1.2 mm. Ports are usually flushed with saline or heparin solution every 4 to 6 weeks when not in use to prevent clotting.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

The correct answer is choice a. Maternal hypoglycemia.

Choice A rationale:

Maternal hypoglycemia can lead to fetal bradycardia, causing a sustained low fetal heart rate. Hypoglycemia in the mother can affect the fetus by reducing the availability of glucose, which is essential for fetal metabolism and heart function.

Choice B rationale:

Maternal fever is more commonly associated with fetal tachycardia rather than bradycardia. Fever in the mother can lead to an increased fetal heart rate, not a decreased one.

Choice C rationale:

Chorioamnionitis is an infection of the fetal membranes and amniotic fluid, which can lead to fetal distress and tachycardia rather than bradycardia.

Choice D rationale:

Fetal anemia can also cause bradycardia, but in this scenario, maternal hypoglycemia is a more immediate concern as it directly affects the fetal heart rate by impacting the fetal metabolic processes.

A. The leader has group members vote on what they would like to learn about during the session. B. The leader lectures about medication adverse effects to the group members. C. The leader allows the group to discuss whatever they would like to regarding their medications. D. The leader encourages group members to remain silent until questions are called for.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

The leader allows the group to discuss whatever they would like to regarding their medications.

This is because a laissez-faire leadership style is characterized by minimal guidance and direction from the leader, and maximum freedom and autonomy for the followers.

The leader does not impose any rules or expectations on the group, and lets them decide how to manage their own learning and behavior.

Choice A is wrong because having group members vote on what they would like to learn about during the session is an example of a democratic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A democratic leader solicits input and feedback from the group, and makes decisions based on consensus and majority rule.

Choice B is wrong because lecturing about medication adverse effects to the group members is an example of an authoritarian leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

An authoritarian leader dictates what the group should do and how they should do it, without considering their opinions or preferences.

Choice D is wrong because encouraging group members to remain silent until questions are called for is an example of a paternalistic leadership style, not a laissez-faire one.

A paternalistic leader treats the group as if they are incapable of making their own decisions, and assumes a protective and nurturing role over them.

Normal ranges for leadership styles are not applicable in this context, as different styles may be more or less effective depending on the situation and the goals of the group.

However, some general advantages and disadvantages of each style are:

Laissez-faire: Advantages - fosters creativity, independence, and self-motivation; Disadvantages - may lead to chaos, confusion, and lack of accountability.
Democratic: Advantages - promotes participation, collaboration, and satisfaction; Disadvantages - may be time-consuming, inefficient, and conflict-prone.
Authoritarian: Advantages - provides clarity, direction, and control; Disadvantages - may cause resentment, resistance, and dependency.
Paternalistic: Advantages - creates trust, loyalty, and commitment; Disadvantages - may inhibit growth, development, and empowerment.

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A nurse is caring for a client who has an implanted venous access port. Which of the following should the nurse use to access the port?

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A nurse is caring for a client who has an implanted venous access port.

Which of the following should the nurse use to access the port?