A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia.

Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.).

Allow the client to choose among a variety of activities each day.

Give the client one simple direction at a time.

Reinforce orientation to time, place, and person.

Establish eye contact when communicating with the client.

Refute the client’s delusions using logic.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : B,C,D

The correct answer is choice B, C, and D. The nurse should give the client one simple direction at a time, reinforce orientation to time, place, and person, and establish eye contact when communicating with the client.

These interventions can help the client with dementia to understand and follow instructions, reduce confusion and anxiety, and enhance communication.

Choice A is wrong because allowing the client to choose among a variety of activities each day can overwhelm and frustrate the client with dementia.

The nurse should provide a structured and consistent daily routine for the client.

Choice E is wrong because refuting the client’s delusions using logic can increase the client’s agitation and distrust.

The nurse should use validation therapy to acknowledge the client’s feelings and emotions without arguing or correcting the client.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

This statement should be included in the hand-off report because it provides essential information about the patient’s intraoperative status and potential postoperative complications, such as hypovolemia, anemia, or infection. The estimated blood loss (EBL) is an important indicator of the patient’s fluid balance and hemodynamic stability.

Choice A is wrong because “The client was intubated without complications.” is not relevant for the postoperative care of the patient. The intubation status is usually documented in the anesthesia record and does not need to be repeated in the hand-off report unless there were any issues or injuries related to the airway management.

Choice B is wrong because “There was a total of 10 sponges used during the procedure.” is not pertinent for the postoperative care of the patient.

The number of sponges used during the surgery is usually counted and verified by the scrub nurse and the circulating nurse in the operating room to prevent any retained foreign bodies. This information does not need to be communicated to the PACU nurse unless there was a discrepancy or a missing sponge.

Choice D is wrong because “The client is a member of the board of directors.” is not appropriate for the hand-off report.

This statement violates the patient’s privacy and confidentiality and does not contribute to the quality or safety of care. The patient’s role or position in the organization should not influence the hand-off communication or the postoperative care.

A hand-off report is a critical communication tool that facilitates the transfer of care from one provider to another. It should include relevant information about the patient’s medical history, surgical procedure, intraoperative events, postoperative plan, and any concerns or potential problems.

A standardized hand-off tool, such as SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation), can help improve the consistency, accuracy, and completeness of the hand-off report.

Some normal ranges that may be useful for postoperative care are:

Blood pressure: 90/60 mmHg to 120/80 mmHg
Pulse: 60 to 100 beats/min
Respiratory rate: 12 to 20 breaths/min
Oxygen saturation: 95% to 100%
Temperature: 36°C to 37.5°C
Hemoglobin: 12 to 18 g/dL
Hematocrit: 36% to 54%

A. “Why are you interested in seeing your therapist’s notes?”. B. “I don’t think you will benefit from reviewing your therapist’s notes right now.”. C. “Are you not happy with your treatment?”. D. “We can provide a copy of your records, but the therapist’s notes are not included.”.

Correct Answer is D

No explanation

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A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.).

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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Correct Answer is D

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A nurse is planning care for an older adult client who has dementia.

Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care? (Select all that apply.).