A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for furosemide and asks the nurse about the purpose of the medication. The nurse states "This medication is a diuretic that removes excess fluid from your body." Which of the following ethical concepts is the nurse exhibiting?

Answer: B

Rationale:

A) Use written signs to assist the client with locating the bathroom: While written signs may be helpful in the earlier stages of Alzheimer's disease, as the disease progresses, clients may lose the ability to read and comprehend written language. Visual cues, such as pictures or color-coded indicators, tend to be more effective in helping clients navigate their environment.

B) Limit the number of choices for the client: Limiting choices reduces confusion and anxiety for clients with Alzheimer's disease. Providing too many options can overwhelm them, making decision-making difficult. Offering simple, clear choices helps to maintain a sense of autonomy while minimizing stress.

C) Provide a stimulating environment for the client: Although some stimulation can be beneficial, excessive stimulation can overwhelm a client with Alzheimer's disease, leading to agitation and confusion. It's important to create a calm, structured environment that promotes safety and reduces anxiety.

D) Use confrontation to manage the client’s behavior: Confrontation should be avoided when managing the behavior of clients with Alzheimer's disease. Confronting or challenging them can increase agitation and lead to further confusion. Instead, caregivers should use distraction, redirection, and a calm approach to manage difficult behaviors effectively.

The charge nurse should remind the newly licensed nurse that the client has a right to refuse medication. It is important for healthcare providers to respect the autonomy and rights of their clients, including the right to refuse treatment.

Option a is incorrect because it may not be appropriate for the family to persuade the client to take medication against their wishes.

Option b is incorrect because delivering medication intramuscularly against the client's wishes would violate their right to refuse treatment.

Option d is incorrect because inquiring about compatible foods with the pharmacy would not address the issue of the client's right to refuse medication.