A nurse is caring for a client who has a history of dementia.
The client is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives.
The client is scheduled for a procedure that requires informed consent.
Which of the following persons should sign the informed consent?
The client’s daughter, who is the primary caregiver.
The client.
The client’s partner.
The client’s son, who has a durable power of attorney.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
While the client’s daughter, who is the primary caregiver, may have a significant role in the client’s care, the decision to sign the informed consent ultimately lies with the client if they are deemed competent.
Choice B rationale
The client, who is alert and oriented to person, place, and time, and has advance directives, is the most appropriate person to sign the informed consent. As long as the client is competent and understands the information provided, they have the right to make their own medical decisions.
Choice C rationale
The client’s partner does not have the legal authority to sign the informed consent on behalf of the client unless the client is deemed incompetent and the partner is designated as the legal representative.
Choice D rationale
The client’s son, who has a durable power of attorney, can only sign the informed consent on behalf of the client if the client is deemed incompetent. Since the client is alert and oriented, they should be the one to sign the informed consent.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, is a condition that is most commonly seen in individuals with diabetes. Symptoms can include frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis.
Choice B rationale
Anemia is a condition characterized by a decrease in the total amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood, or a lowered ability of the blood to carry oxygen. Symptoms can include fatigue, weakness, pale or yellowish skin, irregular heartbeats, shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness, and chest pain.
Choice C rationale
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin, a hormone needed to allow sugar (glucose) to enter cells to produce energy. The far more common type 2 diabetes occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or doesn’t make enough insulin.
Choice D rationale
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common condition in which the long-term force of the blood against your artery walls is high enough that it may eventually cause health problems, such as heart disease. If the nurse is reviewing the client’s medical records and actions to be taken, it is likely that the client is experiencing hypertension.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The client who has an indwelling urinary catheter to gravity drainage is not at risk for hypokalemia. The kidneys regulate the balance of potassium by removing excess potassium into the urine. The use of a urinary catheter would not affect this process.
Choice B rationale
The client who has a chest tube to water seal is not at risk for hypokalemia. Chest tubes are used to treat conditions that can cause the lung to collapse, such as pneumothorax, hemothorax, or pleural effusion. They do not affect the body’s potassium levels.
Choice C rationale
The client who has a nasogastric (NG) tube to suction is at risk for hypokalemia. Hypokalemia, or low potassium levels, can occur with loss of gastric fluids because these fluids contain potassium. With an NG tube to suction, these fluids are being removed from the body, which can lead to a decrease in potassium levels.
Choice D rationale
The client who has a tracheostomy tube attached to humidified oxygen is not at risk for hypokalemia. A tracheostomy tube allows air to enter the lungs. It does not affect the body’s potassium levels.
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