A nurse is caring for a client who asks to be screened for cervical cancer because a relative has been diagnosed with it. Which of the following tests should the nurse expect the provider to use?
A serum prolactin level
An endometrial biopsy
A Papanicolaou test
A vaginal ultrasound
The Correct Answer is C
A. This test is used to measure the level of prolactin, a hormone that stimulates milk production. It is not relevant for cervical cancer screening.
B. This test involves taking a sample of tissue from the lining of the uterus. It is used to diagnose endometrial cancer, not cervical cancer.
C. The Papanicolaou test, commonly known as a Pap smear, is the standard screening test for cervical cancer. It involves collecting cells from the cervix to detect any precancerous changes or cervical cancer itself. This is the correct answer, as it directly relates to cervical cancer screening.
D. This test uses sound waves to create images of the vagina and cervix. It can be used to evaluate the cervix for abnormalities, but it is not as sensitive as a Pap test for detecting cervical cancer.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. This choice is not relevant to reducing the risk of cervical cancer. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is primarily used to manage symptoms of menopause and does not have a protective effect against cervical cancer.
B. While colposcopy is a diagnostic procedure used to evaluate abnormal cervical findings, it is not a routine screening method. The primary screening method for cervical cancer is the Pap test (Papanicolaou test) combined with HPV (human papillomavirus) testing. Colposcopy is usually performed after an abnormal Pap test result, not on a yearly basis for general screening.
C. Utilizing safer sex methods, such as consistent use of condoms and reducing the number of sexual partners, can help decrease the risk of acquiring HPV, which is the primary cause of cervical cancer. Promoting safe sexual practices is a key component of cervical cancer prevention.
D. This choice is not effective for reducing the risk of cervical cancer. While vaginal ultrasounds may be used for various gynecological assessments, they are not a screening tool for cervical cancer and do not reduce the risk of developing the disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While the nursing student may assist with feeding, the nurse should always assess the client's swallowing ability and provide direct supervision to ensure the client's safety.
B. Placing food on the affected side of the mouth can increase the risk of aspiration. The food should be placed on the unaffected side of the mouth.
C. Distractions can impair the client's ability to focus on swallowing and increase the risk of aspiration. A quiet environment can help the client concentrate on eating.
D. The head of the bed should be elevated to at least 30 degrees during and after feeding to reduce the risk of aspiration.
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