A nurse is caring for a client during his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and is agitated. Which of the following complications should the nurse identify these findings as manifestations of?

Disequilibrium syndrome

Septicemia

Air embolism

Peritonitis

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason: Disequilibrium syndrome is characterized by headache, nausea, and agitation, which can occur during or after hemodialysis, especially in the first few sessions as the body adjusts to the treatment².

Choice B reason: Septicemia would typically present with fever, chills, and hypotension, not specifically headache and agitation².

Choice C reason: Air embolism is a rare complication that would present with sudden respiratory distress, chest pain, and possibly hypotension, not just headache and agitation².

Choice D reason: Peritonitis is associated with abdominal pain and tenderness, fever, and possibly altered bowel movements, not the symptoms described².

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Free Nursing Study Resources

Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

Title: Choice A reason: Beta-blocking agent Beta-blocking agents are often used in the management of cirrhosis of the liver. They are particularly useful in managing portal hypertension, a common complication of cirrhosis. Beta-blockers lower elevated portal pressure and protect against variceal hemorrhage, a serious complication of portal hypertension. Therefore, a beta-blocking agent may be ordered for a client with cirrhosis of the liver.

Title: Choice B reason: Diuretic Diuretics are commonly used in the management of fluid retention, a frequent complication in patients with cirrhosis. Fluid retention can lead to conditions such as ascites (abdominal fluid accumulation) and edema (swelling in the legs, feet, or ankles)2. Diuretics help to remove excess fluid from the body, thereby managing these symptoms. Therefore, a diuretic may be ordered for a client with cirrhosis of the liver.

Title: Choice C reason: Opioid analgesic While opioid analgesics are powerful pain relievers, they should be used with caution in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Opioids can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy, a condition characterized by altered mental status and neuromuscular dysfunction, which is a serious complication of cirrhosis. Therefore, an opioid analgesic may not be the best choice for a client with cirrhosis of the liver.

Title: Choice D reason: Lactulose Lactulose is a non-absorbable sugar that is widely used in the treatment of hepatic encephalopathy, a common complication in patients with cirrhosis. It works by reducing the absorption of ammonia in the gut, thereby lowering blood ammonia levels and improving symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, lactulose may be ordered for a client with cirrhosis of the liver.

Title: Choice E reason: Sedative Sedatives should be used with caution in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. Like opioids, they can precipitate hepatic encephalopathy. Therefore, a sedative may not be the best choice for a client with cirrhosis of the liver.

A. The client states that pain occurs 30 minutes to 60 minutes after a meal. B. The client states that pain often occurs at night. C. The client reports a sensation of bloating. D. The client reports pain relieved by eating. E. The client experiences pain upon palpation of the epigastric region.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

Choice A reason: Pain occurring 30 to 60 minutes after a meal is a common symptom of gastric ulcers due to the increased gastric acid secretion during digestion that can aggravate the ulcer.

Choice B reason: Pain at night is also typical for gastric ulcers as the circadian rhythm can influence acid secretion, potentially leading to increased discomfort during the night.

Choice C reason: A sensation of bloating can be associated with gastric ulcers due to delayed gastric emptying or increased sensitivity of the stomach lining.

Choice D reason:Pain relieved by eating is indicative of gastric ulcers because food can act as a buffer to stomach acid, temporarily relieving pain².

Choice E reason:Pain upon palpation of the epigastric region is expected in clients with gastric ulcers due to the localized inflammation and sensitivity of the stomach lining².

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A nurse is caring for a client during his first hemodialysis treatment. The client reports a headache, nausea, and is agitated. Which of the following complications should the nurse identify these findings as manifestations of?

Nursing Test Bank

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]

Explanation

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D","E"]

Explanation

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