A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse recognize to be associated with ASD?

Echolalia

Ambivalence

Expressive affect

Associative looseness

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A. Echolalia: Echolalia, the repetition of words or phrases spoken by others, is a common characteristic of autism spectrum disorder. It can be part of the individual’s attempt to communicate or self-stimulate and may be indicative of difficulties in expressive language development.

B. Ambivalence: Ambivalence, the state of having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone, is more commonly associated with conditions like schizophrenia, not ASD.

C. Expressive affect: Individuals with ASD often have difficulties with expressive affect, meaning they may show limited emotional expression, which contrasts with the term "expressive affect" suggesting full emotional expression.

D. Associative looseness: Associative looseness, a symptom where a person’s thoughts are disconnected and fragmented, is more characteristic of schizophrenia than ASD.

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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A. Medication side effects: Certain medications can cause cognitive impairment that mimics dementia, but this condition is often reversible if the medication is adjusted or discontinued.

B. Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism can lead to cognitive impairment that may be reversible with appropriate thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

C. Vitamin B12 deficiency: Deficiency in vitamin B12 can cause cognitive deficits that are often reversible with supplementation.

D. Multiple small brain infarcts: This condition, often associated with vascular dementia, usually leads to permanent brain damage and is typically not reversible.

A. "Donepezil (Aricept) encourages production of acetylcholine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. It delays the progression of the disease." B. "Donepezil (Aricept) delays the destruction of dopamine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. Although most effective in the early stages, it serves to delay, but not stop, the progression of the disease." C. "Donepezil (Aricept) delays the destruction of acetylcholine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. Although most effective in the early stages, it serves to delay, but not stop, the progression of the disease." D. "Donepezil (Aricept) encourages production of dopamine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. It delays the progression of the disease."

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. "Donepezil (Aricept) encourages production of acetylcholine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. It delays the progression of the disease.": This statement is partially correct. Donepezil inhibits the breakdown of acetylcholine rather than encouraging its production. However, it correctly states that it delays the progression of Alzheimer's disease.

B. "Donepezil (Aricept) delays the destruction of dopamine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. Although most effective in the early stages, it serves to delay, but not stop, the progression of the disease.": This is incorrect because Alzheimer's disease primarily involves acetylcholine, not dopamine.

C. "Donepezil (Aricept) delays the destruction of acetylcholine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. Although most effective in the early stages, it serves to delay, but not stop, the progression of the disease.": This is the correct statement. Donepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor that helps maintain acetylcholine levels in the brain, which is important for memory and cognitive function. It does not cure Alzheimer's disease but can slow its progression.

D. "Donepezil (Aricept) encourages production of dopamine, a chemical in the brain necessary for memory processes. It delays the progression of the disease.": This is incorrect because donepezil does not affect dopamine levels significantly in the context of Alzheimer's disease.

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A nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Which of the following assessment findings should the nurse recognize to be associated with ASD?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A new nurse is teaching a nursing student in the mental health unit. The nurse explains that an example of a treatable (reversible) form of Neurocognitive disorder is caused by which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

A nursing instructor is teaching about donepezil (Aricept). A student asks, "How does this work? Will this cure Alzheimer's disease (AD)?" Which appropriate statement will the instructor make?

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

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