A nurse is caring for a 44-year-old female client in the emergency department.

Exhibits

Complete the following sentence by using the list of options.
The client is experiencing

caused by

A. AMD affects the macula, which is responsible for central vision and fine detail. As the condition progresses, patients often experience a gradual loss of central vision, which can make it difficult to read, recognize faces, and perform tasks that require sharp vision. Distortion of straight lines (metamorphopsia) is also common, where straight lines may appear wavy or bent.
B. Floaters and flashes of light are more commonly associated with conditions affecting the vitreous body of the eye or retinal detachment, rather than AMD. These symptoms can occur due to changes in the vitreous gel or as a result of other retinal issues, but they are not the primary symptoms of AMD.
C. Cloudy vision and glare are typically associated with cataracts, not AMD. Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, leading to blurred vision and increased sensitivity to glare. AMD does not cause the lens to cloud, so these symptoms are not characteristic of AMD.
D. Loss of peripheral vision is more characteristic of glaucoma rather than AMD. AMD primarily affects central vision, leaving peripheral vision relatively intact until the disease progresses to an advanced stage. Glaucoma, on the other hand, often leads to a gradual loss of peripheral vision.

A. Pink, frothy sputum is typically associated with left-sided heart failure and pulmonary edema. This occurs when fluid backs up into the lungs due to left-sided heart failure. Since the question pertains to right-sided heart failure, this statement is not consistent with that condition.

B. Feeling short of breath when lying flat is known as orthopnea and is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. It occurs due to fluid shifting into the lungs when supine, which aggravates pulmonary congestion. This statement is not consistent with right-sided heart failure.
C. Hearing fluid in the lungs typically indicates left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the pulmonary circulation, causing pulmonary edema. This symptom is associated with left-sided heart failure rather than right-sided heart failure.
D. Swelling of the legs, also known as peripheral edema, is a hallmark of right-sided heart failure. This occurs because the right side of the heart is unable to effectively pump blood out to the lungs, leading to fluid accumulation in the systemic venous circulation and resulting in swelling in the lower extremities and sometimes the abdomen