A nurse is assisting a sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) with the care of a client who has experienced sexual assault. The nurse should identify which of the following as the role of the SANE?

A. The SANE does not directly request police involvement; their role is to provide forensic evidence collection and medical care while supporting the client’s choices. Law enforcement involvement depends on the client’s consent and legal requirements.

B. A key role of the SANE is to provide factual, expert testimony in legal proceedings regarding the evidence collected during the examination. This helps ensure that the findings are accurately presented in court and supports the legal process without acting as an advocate or attorney.

C. While protecting the client from further harm is part of nursing care, the SANE specifically focuses on forensic evaluation and documentation rather than general protective actions. Safety is addressed, but the legal testimony role is the distinguishing responsibility.

D. The SANE cannot require the client to report the assault to the police; reporting is voluntary unless mandated by state law. Respecting client autonomy is essential in sexual assault care.

A. Hallucinations. Hallucinations, particularly auditory hallucinations, are one of the core symptoms of schizophrenia. They involve perceiving things that are not present, such as hearing voices.
B. Inability to initiate activities. While this may be a feature of schizophrenia, it is not one of the primary diagnostic criteria. This symptom may be related to negative symptoms but is not specifically required for diagnosis.
C. Antisocial personality. Antisocial personality disorder is a separate diagnosis and not a symptom of schizophrenia. The presence of antisocial personality traits does not fulfill the criteria for schizophrenia.
D. Lack of emotional expression. This symptom, often referred to as flat affect, is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia and can contribute to the diagnosis, as it indicates diminished emotional responsiveness.
E. Disorganized behavior. Disorganized behavior, including disorganized speech and erratic actions, is a key symptom of schizophrenia and is part of the diagnostic criteria.
F. Impaired interpersonal relationships. While impaired relationships may result from the symptoms of schizophrenia, this is not a specific criterion for diagnosis. The focus is on the presence of specific symptoms such as hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and negative symptoms like lack of emotional expression.