A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.

The preschooler talks to himself when reading.

The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

The preschooler stutters when speaking.

The preschooler mispronounces words.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Closed posterior fontanel

By 6 months of age, the posterior fontanel typically closes. The posterior fontanel usually closes between 2 and 4 months of age. Therefore, a closed posterior fontanel is an expected finding at 6 months.

B. Lateral incisors

The eruption of lateral incisors typically occurs between 8 and 12 months of age. At 6 months, it is not expected for the infant to have erupted lateral incisors. Therefore, this finding would not be typical during a well-child visit at this age.

C. Uses thumb and index fingers in a pincer grasp

The development of the pincer grasp, where the infant can pick up small objects using the thumb and index finger, typically occurs around 9 to 12 months of age. While some infants may start to develop this skill around 6 months, it is more commonly seen later in the first year. Therefore, it is not a definitive finding at 6 months.

D. Sitting steadily without support

By 6 months of age, most infants can sit steadily without support. This is considered a developmental milestone that typically occurs around 6 months. Therefore, sitting steadily without support is an expected finding during a well-child visit at this age.

A. Experiencing diarrhea B. Drinking green tea C. Exercising moderately D. Increasing sodium intake

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Lithium toxicity is a significant concern for clients taking lithium, a mood stabilizer commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder. Diarrhea can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can increase lithium levels in the blood, potentially leading to toxicity. Therefore, cautioning against experiencing diarrhea is essential in discharge teaching for clients prescribed lithium.

Option A is correct because it identifies a factor that can contribute to lithium toxicity. Diarrhea can lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, affecting lithium levels in the blood.

Option B, drinking green tea, is not typically associated with lithium toxicity. Green tea contains caffeine, but its consumption is not a significant risk factor for lithium toxicity.

Option C, exercising moderately, is generally encouraged for overall health and well-being. However, it does not directly relate to lithium toxicity unless excessive sweating leads to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

Option D, increasing sodium intake, is typically discouraged for clients taking lithium because high sodium levels can affect lithium reabsorption in the kidneys, potentially leading to increased lithium levels and toxicity. However, this option is not directly related to the question about factors causing lithium toxicity.

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A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant at a well-child visit. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has been hospitalized for treatment of bipolar disorder and will be discharged with a prescription for lithium. The nurse's discharge teaching should include information cautioning against which of the following factors that may cause lithium toxicity?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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