A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.

The preschooler talks to himself when reading.

The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.

The preschooler stutters when speaking.

The preschooler mispronounces words.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : C,D,E

Answer: C, D, E

A. The preschooler speaks in three-word sentences.
Speaking in three-word sentences is generally considered developmentally appropriate for a preschooler. By age 3 to 4, children typically use sentences that are more complex, but this is still within a normal range for early language development.

B. The preschooler talks to himself when reading.
Talking to oneself, especially during activities like reading, can be a normal behavior for preschoolers. This self-talk can actually be a part of cognitive development, helping them to process information and reinforce learning, and does not necessarily indicate a need for speech therapy.

C. The preschooler speaks in a nasally tone.
A nasally tone may suggest a speech issue such as a cleft palate or other resonance problems. If the child consistently exhibits this speech pattern, it could indicate a need for further evaluation by a speech therapist to determine the underlying cause and appropriate interventions.

D. The preschooler stutters when speaking.
Stuttering can be a significant speech concern that may require intervention. While some children experience normal disfluencies as they learn to speak, persistent stuttering that interferes with communication is a valid reason to refer the child for speech therapy.

E. The preschooler mispronounces words.
While mispronunciation can occur during language development, consistent or unusual mispronunciations beyond what is typical for the child’s age may indicate a speech sound disorder. If the mispronunciations affect the child's ability to communicate effectively, a referral to a speech therapist would be warranted for assessment and intervention.

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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]

Explanation

A. Unaware of compulsions: Clients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are usually aware of their compulsions, which are repetitive behaviors or mental acts performed in response to obsessions. Compulsions are typically recognized by the individual as excessive or unreasonable, although they feel driven to perform them.

B. Irrational fear of certain objects: While individuals with OCD may experience irrational fears or obsessions, these are not exclusive to the disorder. Phobias, generalized anxiety disorder, and other conditions can also involve irrational fears of specific objects or situations. OCD is characterized more by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) rather than specific fears.

C. Perfectionist behavior: Perfectionism is a common characteristic of OCD. Individuals with OCD often feel a strong need for things to be perfect or "just right." They may spend excessive amounts of time on tasks to ensure perfection or may be overly concerned with order, symmetry, or cleanliness.

D. Difficulty relaxing: Individuals with OCD often experience significant anxiety related to their obsessions and compulsions. This can make it difficult for them to relax or feel at ease, as their symptoms may constantly occupy their thoughts and compel them to engage in repetitive behaviors.

E. Rule conscious behavior: People with OCD often exhibit rule-bound or rule-conscious behavior. They may adhere rigidly to specific routines, rituals, or rules in an attempt to alleviate anxiety or prevent perceived negative consequences associated with their obsessions. This behavior can manifest as strict adherence to self-imposed rules or rituals, even when these behaviors are not logically connected to the obsession.

A. Expressive affect B. Ambivalence C. Echolalia D. Associative looseness

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Expressive affect: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often have difficulty expressing their emotions in a typical manner. They may display a restricted range of facial expressions or have difficulty conveying emotions through facial expressions and gestures. However, "expressive affect" typically refers to the appropriate display of emotions, which may not be characteristic of ASD.

B. Ambivalence: Ambivalence refers to conflicting feelings or attitudes about a situation or person. While individuals with ASD may experience a range of emotions, including ambivalence, it is not a specific characteristic associated with the disorder. Ambivalence is a common human experience and may occur in individuals with or without ASD.

C. Echolalia: Echolalia is a common communication characteristic observed in individuals with ASD. It involves the repetition or echoing of words or phrases spoken by others. This behavior may occur immediately after hearing the words or phrases (immediate echolalia) or may be delayed. Echolalia can serve various functions, including communication, self-regulation, or expression of anxiety.

D. Associative looseness: Associative looseness is a thought disorder characterized by a lack of logical connection between thoughts and ideas. It is typically associated with conditions such as schizophrenia rather than ASD. Individuals with ASD may exhibit difficulties with social communication, including challenges in maintaining conversations or understanding social cues, but this is different from the disorganized thinking observed in associative looseness.

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A nurse is assessing a preschooler. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse a need for speech therapy? (Select all that apply.)

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Explanation

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