A nurse is assessing a patient who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting.

Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch.

Hypoxemia due to dead space.

Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness.

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,D

Choice A rationale

In ARDS, impaired carbon dioxide elimination due to shunting can occur. Shunting refers to the diversion of blood from areas of the lung that are ventilated to areas that are not, leading to impaired gas exchange.

Choice B rationale

Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure due to ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch is not a typical finding in ARDS3.

Choice C rationale

Hypoxemia due to dead space is not a typical finding in ARDS. Dead space refers to areas of the lung that are ventilated but not perfused.

Choice D rationale

Decreased pulmonary compliance due to stiffness is a typical finding in ARDS. The lungs become stiff and less compliant due to the accumulation of fluid and inflammatory cells in the alveoli and interstitial space.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Before administering digoxin, it is crucial to measure the patient’s apical pulse. Digoxin affects the heart rate, and a low pulse could indicate that the dose needs to be adjusted.

Choice B rationale

Offering a light snack is not specifically required before administering digoxin.

Choice C rationale

While it’s always important to monitor a patient’s blood pressure, it’s not specifically required before administering digoxin.

Choice D rationale

Weighing the patient is not specifically required before administering digoxin.

A. Frothy sputum. B. Dependent edema. C. Nocturnal polyuria. D. Jugular distention.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Frothy sputum is a common finding in patients with left-sided heart failure. This is due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema), which can cause the sputum to become frothy.

Choice B rationale

Dependent edema is more commonly associated with right-sided heart failure. It occurs due to fluid accumulation in the systemic circulation, leading to swelling in the lower extremities.

Choice C rationale

Nocturnal polyuria can occur in heart failure, but it is not a specific sign of left-sided heart failure.

Choice D rationale

Jugular venous distention is a sign of right-sided heart failure, not left-sided heart failure. It occurs due to increased pressure in the right atrium, leading to visible distention of the jugular veins.

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A nurse is assessing a patient who has acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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