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A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Diplopia

Hyperproteinemia

Cachexia

Hypermagnesemia

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:

Diplopia is incorrect. Diplopia is double vision and is not a specific sign of malnutrition.

Choice B Reason:

Hyperproteinemia is incorrect - Malnutrition often leads to hypoalbuminemia (low levels of albumin, a protein), not hyperproteinemia.

Choice C Reason:

Cachexia is correct. Cachexia refers to a state of severe malnutrition and muscle wasting that can occur in individuals with chronic illnesses, especially advanced cancer, heart failure, or certain inflammatory conditions. It is characterized by significant weight loss, muscle atrophy, weakness, and fatigue. Cachexia goes beyond simple malnutrition and is a more severe manifestation of nutritional deficiency.

Choice D Reason:

Hypermagnesemia is incorrect - Malnutrition is more likely to cause deficiencies in minerals like magnesium, not excess levels (hypermagnesemia).

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason:

Disequilibrium with movement is correct. The vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII) is responsible for both hearing (cochlear component) and balance (vestibular component). Impaired function of this nerve can result in problems with equilibrium and balance, leading to symptoms such as disequilibrium or vertigo (a sensation of spinning or whirling), especially with movement.

Choice B Reason:

Deviation of the tongue from midline is incorrect. This is related to cranial nerve XII (hypoglossal nerve) and its role in tongue movement and control.

Choice C Reason:

Loss of peripheral vision is incorrect. This is related to cranial nerve II (optic nerve) and its role in vision.

Choice D Reason:

Inability to smell is incorrect. This is related to cranial nerve I (olfactory nerve) and its role in the sense of smell.

A. “1 should use salt sparingly while cooking" B. "I can use baking soda when I bake” C. “should use canned instead of frozen vegetables." D. “can season my foods with lemon juice”

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

"I should use salt sparingly while cooking. “Response A indicates the client's understanding of the dietary teaching. Using salt sparingly while cooking is consistent with a low-sodium diet. It shows that the client recognizes the importance of reducing sodium intake to adhere to the prescribed dietary restrictions.

Choice B Reason:

"I can use baking soda when I bake" - Baking soda contains sodium and is not typically recommended for someone on a low-sodium diet.

Choice C Reason:

"I should use canned instead of frozen vegetables" - Canned vegetables often contain added sodium for preservation, so choosing fresh or frozen vegetables without added salt is a better option for a low-sodium diet.

Choice D Reason:

"I can season my foods with lemon juice" - Lemon juice is a suitable alternative to adding sodium for flavour, and this statement shows the client's understanding of using low-sodium seasoning options.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has malnutrition. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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