A nurse is assessing a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

Muscle twitching

Bounding pulse

Hypertension

Decreased bowel sounds

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

A) Muscle twitching:
Muscle twitching, also known as tetany, is a common manifestation of hypocalcemia. Low calcium levels increase neuromuscular excitability, leading to symptoms such as muscle cramps, spasms, and twitching. This is a key clinical sign that helps in diagnosing hypocalcemia.
B) Bounding pulse:
A bounding pulse is not typically associated with hypocalcemia. Instead, it is more often seen in conditions such as fluid overload or hyperdynamic circulatory states, where there is increased cardiac output or vascular volume.
C) Hypertension:
Hypertension is not a common manifestation of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is more likely to cause hypotension due to its effect on cardiac contractility and vascular tone, rather than causing high blood pressure.
D) Decreased bowel sounds:
Decreased bowel sounds are not commonly associated with hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia affects neuromuscular function, but it typically causes increased gastrointestinal motility rather than decreased motility, which would lead to hyperactive bowel sounds rather than decreased ones.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Contact dermatitis: This condition results from an allergic reaction or irritation caused by contact with a substance, such as chemicals, detergents, or allergens. It is not a communicable skin infection and does not spread from person to person.

B) Actinic keratoses: These are rough, scaly patches on the skin caused by prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. They are considered precancerous lesions and are not contagious. They result from environmental factors rather than person-to-person transmission.

C) Psoriasis: This is a chronic autoimmune condition that leads to the rapid buildup of skin cells, causing scaling on the skin's surface. It is not contagious and does not spread through person-to-person contact. Psoriasis is an inherited condition influenced by immune system triggers.

D) Herpes zoster: Also known as shingles, this condition is caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (the same virus that causes chickenpox). While shingles itself is not spread from person to person, the virus can be transmitted from a person with shingles to someone who has never had chickenpox, potentially causing chickenpox in the latter individual. The virus is spread through direct contact with the fluid from the blisters.

A. Protective environment B. Airborne precautions C. Contact precautions D. Droplet precautions

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A) Protective environment
This type of isolation is used for clients with weakened immune systems to protect them from infections. It is not necessary for pertussis, which requires droplet precautions to prevent spread.

B) Airborne precautions
These are used for diseases that are spread through tiny droplets that remain in the air, such as tuberculosis. Pertussis spreads through larger respiratory droplets, not lingering in the air, so airborne precautions are not needed.

C) Contact precautions
These are used for infections spread by direct touch or contact with surfaces. Pertussis primarily spreads through respiratory droplets rather than direct contact, making contact precautions unnecessary.

D) Droplet precautions
Droplet precautions are appropriate for pertussis, as it spreads via respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. This involves wearing masks and maintaining distance to prevent transmission.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has hypocalcemia. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?

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