A nurse is assessing a client who has a sliding hiatal hernia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

Breathlessness

Heartburn

Abdominal cramping

Constipation

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Breathlessness is not a typical symptom of a sliding hiatal hernia. However, in severe cases, large hernias may cause shortness of breath due to pressure on the diaphragm.
B. Heartburn (acid reflux) is a common symptom because the hernia allows stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, causing irritation and discomfort.
C. Abdominal cramping is not a primary symptom of a sliding hiatal hernia. Cramping is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal conditions like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or gastroenteritis.
D. Constipation is not directly linked to a sliding hiatal hernia. Instead, symptoms usually involve gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)-related issues, such as heartburn and regurgitation.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A. Plan for your son to meet his sister for the first time at home. This is incorrect because allowing the sibling to visit the newborn in the hospital can help with early bonding and ease the transition.
B. Give your son plenty of "alone time" with his sister. This is incorrect because young children require supervision around infants to ensure safety.
C. Give your son a little gift from his new sister. This is correct because presenting a small gift from the baby helps the older sibling feel included and fosters a positive association with the new arrival.
D. Hold your daughter when your son first meets her. This is incorrect because allowing the older sibling to greet the parent first before introducing the baby can help them feel reassured and less displaced.

A. A 12-year-old child who has cystic fibrosis and reports difficulty clearing secretions B. A 3-year-old child who has an atrial septal defect and a heart rate of 120/min C. A 5-year-old child who has type 1 diabetes mellitus and a blood sugar of 150 mg/dL D. A 2-year-old child who has diarrhea and reports abdominal pain

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. A child with cystic fibrosis and difficulty clearing secretions is the priority because airway clearance is critical in cystic fibrosis. Mucus buildup can lead to respiratory distress and infection, requiring immediate intervention.
B. A child with an atrial septal defect and a heart rate of 120/min is not the priority because a heart rate of 120/min is within the expected range for a 3-year-old and does not indicate immediate distress.
C. A child with type 1 diabetes and a blood sugar of 150 mg/dL is not the priority because this blood glucose level is slightly elevated but not critical.
D. A child with diarrhea and abdominal pain requires assessment, but dehydration or electrolyte imbalance develops over time. Airway issues take priority over gastrointestinal symptoms.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a sliding hiatal hernia. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

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