A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and is suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

Weight loss.

Hoarseness.

Dysphagia.

Dyspnea.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A. Weight loss can occur as laryngeal cancer progresses, but it is not typically an early sign.

B. Hoarseness is often the earliest and most common symptom of laryngeal cancer. It occurs due to the involvement of the vocal cords.

C. Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, may develop as the cancer advances, but it is not usually the initial symptom.

D. Dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, can occur if the tumor obstructs the airway, but it is generally a later manifestation of laryngeal cancer.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Flex the client’s hip is incorrect. Flexing the hip can increase intra-abdominal pressure and potentially increase intracranial pressure.

B. Hyperextend the client’s neck is incorrect. Hyperextension of the neck can interfere with venous return from the brain and increase ICP.

C. Provide warming measures for the client is incorrect. Warming measures are not indicated for a low CPP; maintaining normothermia is important, but warming is not the priority action.

D. Adjust the client’s head of bed is correct. Elevating the head of the bed helps reduce ICP and improves cerebral perfusion by promoting venous outflow.

A. pH 7.25, HCO₃- 19 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg B. pH 7.30, HCO₃- 26 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 50 mm Hg C. pH 7.50, HCO₃- 20 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 32 mm Hg D. pH 7.55, HCO₃- 30 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 31 mm Hg

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. pH 7.25, HCO₃- 19 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 30 mm Hg indicates metabolic acidosis with partial respiratory compensation. This is a common finding in chronic kidney disease due to the kidneys' reduced ability to excrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate.

B. pH 7.30, HCO₃- 26 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 50 mm Hg suggests respiratory acidosis with a normal bicarbonate level, which is not typical for chronic kidney disease.

C. pH 7.50, HCO₃- 20 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 32 mm Hg indicates respiratory alkalosis, which is not characteristic of chronic kidney disease.

D. pH 7.55, HCO₃- 30 mEq/L, PaCO₂ 31 mm Hg indicates metabolic alkalosis, which is also not typical for chronic kidney disease.

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A nurse is assessing a client who has a long history of smoking and is suspected of having laryngeal cancer. The nurse should anticipate that the client will report that her earliest manifestation was

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

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