A nurse is assessing a child who is being treated for bacterial pneumonia. The nurse notes an increase in the child’s blood glucose. The nurse should identify this finding as an adverse effect of which of the following medication?
Methylprednisolone
Ondansetron
Guaifenesin
Amoxicillin
The Correct Answer is A
A. Methylprednisolone: This corticosteroid is commonly used to reduce inflammation in conditions like pneumonia. One of its known adverse effects is hyperglycemia, especially during stress or infection, due to its role in increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing peripheral glucose uptake.
B. Ondansetron: This antiemetic is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. It does not significantly affect blood glucose levels and is not associated with hyperglycemia as an adverse effect.
C. Guaifenesin: As an expectorant, guaifenesin helps loosen mucus in the airways but has no known effect on glucose metabolism. It is not linked to elevated blood glucose in clinical use.
D. Amoxicillin: This antibiotic is effective in treating bacterial pneumonia but does not impact glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is not a typical adverse effect of this medication.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Decreased temperature: Vomiting and diarrhea usually cause dehydration, but they do not typically lower body temperature. Infants may have a normal or slightly elevated temperature if an infection is present.
B. Oliguria: Oliguria, or reduced urine output, is a key sign of dehydration in infants. Fluid loss from vomiting and diarrhea leads to decreased kidney perfusion, causing the kidneys to conserve water and produce less urine.
C. Bulging anterior fontanel: A bulging anterior fontanel indicates increased intracranial pressure and is not a sign of dehydration. In contrast, dehydration often causes a sunken fontanel due to decreased fluid volume.
D. Hypertension: Dehydration usually causes low blood pressure in infants because of decreased circulating blood volume. Hypertension is not expected in this situation and would suggest a different underlying issue.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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