A nurse is assessing a child who is being treated for bacterial pneumonia. The nurse notes an increase in the child’s blood glucose. The nurse should identify this finding as an adverse effect of which of the following medication?
Methylprednisolone
Ondansetron
Guaifenesin
Amoxicillin
The Correct Answer is A
A. Methylprednisolone: This corticosteroid is commonly used to reduce inflammation in conditions like pneumonia. One of its known adverse effects is hyperglycemia, especially during stress or infection, due to its role in increasing gluconeogenesis and decreasing peripheral glucose uptake.
B. Ondansetron: This antiemetic is used to prevent nausea and vomiting. It does not significantly affect blood glucose levels and is not associated with hyperglycemia as an adverse effect.
C. Guaifenesin: As an expectorant, guaifenesin helps loosen mucus in the airways but has no known effect on glucose metabolism. It is not linked to elevated blood glucose in clinical use.
D. Amoxicillin: This antibiotic is effective in treating bacterial pneumonia but does not impact glucose levels. Hyperglycemia is not a typical adverse effect of this medication.
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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is {"dropdown-group-1":"D","dropdown-group-2":"B","dropdown-group-3":"A","dropdown-group-4":"C"}
Explanation
- HEENT – Dry mouth; Amitriptyline has strong anticholinergic effects, which inhibit salivary gland secretion, commonly resulting in dry mouth. This side effect can affect oral comfort, dental health, and appetite.
- Cardiovascular – Tachycardia: Tricyclic antidepressants like amitriptyline can cause tachycardia due to their anticholinergic properties and direct effects on cardiac conduction. These drugs inhibit vagal tone, which increases heart rate, and can also affect the sodium channels in cardiac tissue.
- Genitourinary – Urinary retention: Amitriptyline’s anticholinergic activity relaxes the detrusor muscle and contracts the internal urethral sphincter, impairing normal bladder emptying. This can lead to difficulty initiating urination and incomplete bladder emptying, particularly in older adults.
- Gastrointestinal – Constipation: By inhibiting parasympathetic activity in the GI tract, amitriptyline slows peristalsis, leading to constipation. This side effect is common and can become severe without dietary adjustments or the use of stool softeners.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Seizure: While seizures may occur in severe cases of hypernatremia, they are more typically associated with hyponatremia, where cerebral edema is more prominent due to water shifts into brain cells.
B. Elevated hematocrit: An elevated hematocrit may be seen with dehydration, which can accompany hypernatremia, but it is not a direct or reliable indicator of sodium imbalance itself.
C. Bradypnea: Respiratory changes like bradypnea are not characteristic of hypernatremia. This condition primarily affects the neurological system, not the respiratory system.
D. Personality change: Hypernatremia causes cellular dehydration, particularly in brain cells, leading to neurological symptoms such as confusion, agitation, irritability, and personality changes.
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