A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nephrotic syndrome

Pyloric stenosis

Intussusception

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

Choice A Reason:

Nephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder that causes the body to excrete too much protein in the urine. It is characterized by symptoms such as swelling (edema), particularly around the eyes and in the ankles and feet, foamy urine due to excess protein, and weight gain due to fluid retention. While nephrotic syndrome can occur in children, it is less likely to be the primary suspicion in a 1-year-old presenting with acute symptoms such as severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody stools, which are more indicative of intussusception.

Choice B Reason:

Pyloric stenosis is a condition that affects infants, typically between birth and 6 months of age. It involves the thickening of the pylorus muscle, which blocks food from entering the small intestine. Symptoms include projectile vomiting, dehydration, and weight loss. Although pyloric stenosis is a serious condition that requires medical attention, it is less likely to be suspected in a 1-year-old child compared to intussusception, which is more common in this age group.

Choice C Reason:

Intussusception is a serious condition in which part of the intestine slides into an adjacent part of the intestine, causing a blockage. This condition is most common in children between 3 months and 3 years old56. Symptoms include sudden, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, bloody stools (often described as “currant jelly” stools), and a palpable lump in the abdomen. Given the age of the child and the acute nature of the symptoms, intussusception is the most likely diagnosis.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

Give the child a chlorine bath twice daily. This is not recommended for treating impetigo contagiosa. Chlorine baths are not a standard treatment for impetigo and can cause skin irritation. Instead, the focus should be on maintaining good hygiene and using prescribed topical or oral antibiotics to treat the infection.

Choice B Reason:

Immunize household contacts for the disease. This is not applicable for impetigo contagiosa. Impetigo is a bacterial skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, and there is no vaccine available for it. Preventive measures should focus on good hygiene practices and avoiding close contact with infected individuals.

Choice C Reason:

Wash clothing in hot water. This is the correct intervention. Washing clothing, bed linens, and towels in hot water helps to kill the bacteria that cause impetigo and prevent the spread of the infection. It is an important step in managing and controlling the spread of impetigo contagiosa.

Choice D Reason:

Keep the child on droplet precautions at home. This is not necessary for impetigo contagiosa. Droplet precautions are typically used for respiratory infections that spread through respiratory droplets. Impetigo spreads through direct contact with the infected skin or contaminated items, so standard contact precautions and good hygiene practices are sufficient.

A. A sputum culture B. Pulmonary function tests C. Sweat chloride test D. A stool fat content analysis

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A Reason:

A sputum culture is used to identify specific bacteria or fungi in the lungs and airways, which can help in managing infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, it does not confirm the diagnosis of CF. The primary purpose of a sputum culture is to guide antibiotic therapy by identifying the pathogens causing respiratory infections.

Choice B Reason:

Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) measure how well the lungs are working by assessing lung volumes, capacities, and flow rates. While PFTs are crucial for monitoring lung function and disease progression in CF patients, they do not confirm the diagnosis. PFTs help in evaluating the severity of lung disease and the effectiveness of treatments.

Choice C Reason:

The sweat chloride test is the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis. This test measures the concentration of chloride in the sweat. Elevated levels of chloride (typically above 60 mmol/L) indicate CF. The test is based on the principle that individuals with CF have defective CFTR proteins, leading to abnormal chloride transport and higher chloride levels in sweat.

Choice D Reason:

A stool fat content analysis measures the amount of fat in the stool to assess digestive function and fat absorption. While this test can indicate malabsorption issues common in CF due to pancreatic insufficiency, it does not confirm the diagnosis. Elevated fecal fat levels can suggest CF but are not definitive without further testing.

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A nurse is assessing a 1-year-old child. Which of the following disorders should the nurse suspect?

Nursing Test Bank

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