A nurse is admitting a client who has hepatitis C. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement?

Standard

Airborne

Droplet

Contact

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A reason : Standard precautions are the primary strategy for the prevention and control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment to prevent contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials¹. Since HCV is primarily transmitted through blood-to-blood contact, standard precautions are sufficient for routine care of patients with hepatitis C².

Choice B reason : Airborne precautions are not necessary for hepatitis C as it is not spread through the air. These precautions are used for diseases that are transmitted through airborne droplet nuclei or dust particles containing the infectious agent, such as tuberculosis, measles, or chickenpox¹.

Choice C reason : Droplet precautions are also not required for hepatitis C because it is not spread through droplets in the air. Droplet precautions are used for infections that can be transmitted through large droplets expelled during coughing, sneezing, talking, or during procedures such as suctioning and bronchoscopy¹.

Choice D reason : Contact precautions are not specifically required for hepatitis C unless there is a risk of blood contamination. Contact precautions are typically used for infections that are spread by direct or indirect contact with the patient or the patient's environment, such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, skin, or wound infections¹.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

Choice A reason : Serum creatinine is a key indicator of renal function. It is a waste product that kidneys filter out. Elevated levels can indicate impaired kidney function, which is a concern in SLE due to the risk of lupus nephritis².

Choice B reason : Urine-specific gravity can provide information about the kidney's ability to concentrate urine but is not as specific as serum creatinine for assessing overall renal function².

Choice C reason : Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) can be influenced by factors other than renal function, such as hydration status and dietary protein intake, making it less reliable than serum creatinine for evaluating kidney function in SLE².

Choice D reason : Serum sodium levels can be affected by various factors, including fluid balance and medications. While it can reflect changes in kidney function, it does not provide as direct an assessment as serum creatinine².

A. Achieve a blood pressure of 120/80 B. Reduce the workload on the heart C. Help the client walk briskly on a treadmill at 4 to 5 miles an hour D. Eliminate all sodium and fat from the diet

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason : Achieving a blood pressure of 120/80 is a general goal for overall cardiovascular health, but it is not specific to the management of heart failure. While controlling blood pressure is important in heart failure, the primary objective is to reduce the heart's workload¹.

Choice B reason : Reducing the workload on the heart is a key objective in managing heart failure. This can be achieved through medications that improve heart function, lifestyle changes, and sometimes surgical interventions. The goal is to improve the heart's efficiency and reduce symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue¹.

Choice C reason : Encouraging the client to walk briskly on a treadmill at 4 to 5 miles an hour may not be appropriate for all heart failure patients, especially without medical supervision. Exercise recommendations should be personalized based on the individual's condition and tolerance¹.

Choice D reason : While dietary modifications are part of heart failure management, completely eliminating all sodium and fat is not practical or recommended. Instead, a balanced diet with controlled sodium intake is advised to help manage fluid retention¹.

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A nurse is admitting a client who has hepatitis C. Which of the following precautions should the nurse implement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

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Explanation

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