A nurse in a well-child clinic is collecting data from four clients. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider as a potential indication of child maltreatment?

Choice A rationale:
The FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale is a pain assessment tool commonly used for infants and young children who cannot verbalize their pain. It assesses different behavioral and physiological indicators of pain, such as facial expressions, leg movement, activity level, crying, and response to consoling. Given that the infant is only 18 months old, this scale is appropriate for evaluating their postoperative pain.
Choice B rationale:
The Color tool is not a recognized pain assessment tool. It's essential to use validated and standardized pain assessment scales, and the Color tool does not fit this criterion.
Choice C rationale:
The Poker Chip Tool is not typically used for pain assessment in infants. It's often used with older children to assess pain intensity using a poker chip set that corresponds to different levels of pain. However, for an 18-month-old infant, behavioral assessments like the FLACC scale would be more suitable.
Choice D rationale:
The Numeric scale involves asking the patient to rate their pain on a numerical scale, often from 0 to 10. However, this scale is not appropriate for an 18-month-old infant who is likely unable to comprehend or use numbers to express their pain. The FLACC scale provides a more comprehensive assessment of pain in non-verbal or preverbal children.

Choice A rationale:
Implementing fluid restrictions is not recommended for a child with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is characterized by dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, and fluid replacement is a crucial aspect of its management. Restricting fluids could worsen dehydration and hinder the correction of metabolic imbalances.
Choice B rationale:
(Correct Choice) Monitoring vital signs every 8 hours is an important intervention for a school-age child with DKA. Vital signs, including heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and temperature, provide valuable information about the child's overall condition, fluid status, and response to treatment. More frequent monitoring might be necessary during the acute phase of DKA.
Choice C rationale:
Initiating continuous cardiac monitoring is not typically indicated for a school-age child with DKA. While DKA can have effects on the cardiovascular system, continuous cardiac monitoring is reserved for more critical situations where immediate changes in heart rhythm need to be detected.
Choice D rationale:
Administering subcutaneous insulin 30 minutes before meals is not appropriate for a child with DKA. In DKA management, insulin is typically administered intravenously to achieve more precise control over blood glucose levels. Subcutaneous insulin might not provide the rapid and consistent action needed to address the acute hyperglycemia and metabolic acidosis in DKA.