A nurse in a mental health facility caring for a client who expresses anxiety about exercising in the outdoor courtyard. The nurse promises to walk with the client in the courtyard each day. Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse demonstrating?

Autonomy

Fidelity

Justice

Nonmalefcence

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

A) Autonomy: Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make their own choices and decisions. While the nurse’s actions may promote the client’s independence in the future, the nurse’s promise to walk with the client does not directly address or uphold the client’s autonomy. The nurse is offering support rather than encouraging the client to make independent decisions about their participation in the exercise.

B) Fidelity: Fidelity involves being faithful and keeping promises or commitments. In this scenario, the nurse promises to walk with the client in the courtyard each day, and this promise demonstrates the ethical principle of fidelity. The nurse is demonstrating trustworthiness and loyalty by committing to help the client overcome their anxiety and follow through with the daily exercise.

C) Justice: Justice is the ethical principle that focuses on fairness and equal treatment for all individuals. While justice is important in providing equal care to all clients, it is not the primary principle in this scenario. The nurse’s actions focus on meeting the specific needs of the individual client, which is more aligned with fidelity.

D) Nonmaleficence: Nonmaleficence means “do no harm.” While the nurse’s goal is to prevent harm by helping the client address their anxiety, the primary ethical principle at play here is fidelity, as the nurse is keeping their promise to provide consistent support. Nonmaleficence would be more relevant if the nurse were directly addressing potential harm or risk associated with the client’s situation, but the promise to walk with the client focuses more on the nurse’s commitment.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A) Believes the death is punishment for bad behavior: Preschoolers, typically ages 3 to 5, often engage in magical thinking and may believe that death is a result of their own actions or bad behavior. They may see death as a punishment for something they did wrong, as they have difficulty understanding the permanence and inevitability of death. This egocentric thinking is typical for their developmental stage.

B) Recognizes the parent will never wake up: Preschoolers may not yet fully comprehend the permanence of death. They may think the deceased parent will eventually wake up or return. This belief reflects their limited understanding of death, which they may view as reversible or temporary, especially if they haven't encountered death before.

C) Understands that everyone dies eventually: Preschoolers do not generally have the cognitive ability to grasp the concept that everyone dies eventually. This understanding develops later, typically during the concrete operational stage of development (around age 7 or 8), when children begin to understand death as permanent and universal.

D) Expresses curiosity about the funeral service: While some preschoolers may express curiosity about events like a funeral, it is more likely that their curiosity would be centered on simple, tangible aspects of death (such as asking questions about where the person went or what happens to their body) rather than the ceremony itself. At this stage, children may not fully understand the cultural or symbolic meanings of a funeral service.

A. Assists the client to the bathroom every 2 hr B. Clears furniture from the path leading to the bathroom C. Raises all four side-rails on the client's bed D. Locks the wheels on the client's bed

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A) Assists the client to the bathroom every 2 hr: This action is appropriate as regular assistance with toileting can help prevent falls by ensuring the client is not trying to get up unassisted when they need to use the bathroom. Assisting every 2 hours is reasonable to minimize the risk of falls, especially in clients who are at risk.

B) Clears furniture from the path leading to the bathroom: This action is correct as it reduces environmental hazards that could contribute to a fall. Ensuring that the path to the bathroom is free from obstacles is a key safety measure for clients at risk for falls.

C) Raises all four side-rails on the client's bed: This is an action the nurse should intervene on. Raising all four side rails is considered a restraint in many settings and could increase the risk of injury if the client tries to climb over or becomes entangled. It can also contribute to a feeling of entrapment or confusion. Side rails should only be used according to specific protocols and when necessary for safety, not as a blanket solution for fall prevention.

D) Locks the wheels on the client's bed: Locking the wheels on the bed is an appropriate safety measure. Ensuring the bed is stationary when the client is in it reduces the risk of accidental movement and potential falls.

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A nurse in a mental health facility caring for a client who expresses anxiety about exercising in the outdoor courtyard. The nurse promises to walk with the client in the courtyard each day. Which of the following ethical principles is the nurse demonstrating?

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