A nurse has received morning report on the following four clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse assess first?

A client who was administered acyclovir for cellulitis reports pain in the affected leg

A client who was administered adalimumab for Crohn’s disease, has a serum calcium level of 10 mg/dL, and reports a headache

A client who was administered erythromycin for acute glomerulonephritis and reports reddish brown urinary output

A client who was administered glipizide for type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a blood glucose of 68 mg/dl

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is D

A. Pain in the affected leg could indicate worsening of cellulitis or a potential complication like deep vein thrombosis (DVT), but there is no immediate indication of a life-threatening condition. This client should be assessed, but may not be the top priority unless other signs of complications are present.

B. A serum calcium level of 10 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL). A headache, while concerning, is not immediately life-threatening unless there are additional symptoms suggesting something more severe.

C.Reddish brown urine suggests hematuria, a symptom of glomerulonephritis. This could indicate ongoing kidney issues, but unless there are signs of severe kidney failure or systemic infection, this might not be the most urgent case.

D. A blood glucose level of 68 mg/dL is low and can lead to hypoglycemia, which can be immediately life-threatening if it progresses to severe hypoglycemia. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include confusion, dizziness, sweating, and can escalate to seizures or unconsciousness if not promptly treated.

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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. “I understand your fears, I was a smoker also.”
While sharing personal experiences can sometimes be relatable, it may not be the most therapeutic response in this situation. The focus should be on the client's feelings and concerns rather than the nurse's personal history.

B. “Don’t worry. The important thing is you have now quit smoking.”
Dismissing the client's fear with a "don't worry" statement may invalidate the client's emotions. It's important to acknowledge and address the client's feelings rather than downplaying them.

C. “Your doctor is a great surgeon. You will be fine.”
While it's positive to express confidence in the medical team, this response does not directly address the client's emotional concerns. The client's fear may extend beyond the surgical aspect, and it's essential to explore and discuss those fears.

D. “It’s okay to feel scared. Let’s talk about what you are afraid of.”
This response is the most therapeutic as it acknowledges the client's emotions, validates the fear, and opens the door for further communication. It invites the client to express her concerns and allows the nurse to provide support and information based on the client's specific fears.

A. Encourage oral intake of at least 3.000 mL of fluids per day. B. Offer high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods frequently. C. Administer low-flow oxygen continuously via nasal cannula D. Place in a prone position.

Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Encourage oral intake of at least 3,000 mL of fluids per day:
This is not a priority intervention for ARDS. While maintaining adequate hydration is important, the primary focus in ARDS is on respiratory support and oxygenation. Excessive fluid intake may exacerbate pulmonary edema in these patients.

B. Offer high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods frequently:
Nutritional support is important in ARDS, but the primary concern is oxygenation and respiratory function. Offering high-protein and high-carbohydrate foods can support the client's overall nutritional needs, but it may not directly address the respiratory distress.

C. Administer low-flow oxygen continuously via nasal cannula:
This is not typically sufficient for ARDS. ARDS often requires higher levels of oxygen support, and low-flow oxygen may not meet the increased oxygen demand. More aggressive oxygenation strategies, such as non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or mechanical ventilation, may be necessary.

D. Place in a prone position:
Placing the patient in a prone position is a recommended intervention for ARDS. Prone positioning can improve oxygenation by optimizing ventilation-perfusion matching and reducing pressure on the lungs. This intervention is aimed at improving respiratory function in ARDS patients.

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