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A nurse educator is providing an in-service to nursing staff about urinary tract infections (UTP). Which statements made by the staff validate they understand the etiology and pathophysiology of UTIs? Select all that apply.

"UTI’s can be caused by urethrovesical reflux which is the backward flow of urine from the urethra to the bladder after coughing, sneezing or straining"

"UTI’s are more common in women due to their longer urethras"

Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a protein in the urinary tract that exerts a nonadherent protective effect against various bacteria"

The organism most often responsible for UTI's in older adults is staphylococcus."

The normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra."

Answer and Explanation

Correct Answer : A,B,C,E

A. "UTI’s can be caused by urethrovesical reflux which is the backward flow of urine from the urethra to the bladder after coughing, sneezing, or straining":

This statement is correct. Urethrovesical reflux can contribute to UTIs, especially in women, as it can introduce bacteria from the urethra back into the bladder.
B. "UTI’s are more common in women due to their longer urethras":

This statement is correct. Women have shorter urethras than men, which makes it easier for bacteria to travel into the bladder, increasing the risk of UTIs.
C. "Glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is a protein in the urinary tract that exerts a nonadherent protective effect against various bacteria":

This statement is correct. Glycosaminoglycan is a substance that lines the urinary tract and helps prevent bacterial adherence, thereby protecting against UTIs.
D. "The organism most often responsible for UTI's in older adults is staphylococcus":

This statement is incorrect. The most common bacteria responsible for UTIs are Escherichia coli (E. coli), not staphylococcus.
E. "The normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra":

This statement is correct. Normally, the urinary tract above the urethra is sterile, devoid of bacteria. UTIs occur when bacteria enter and multiply in the urinary system, leading to infection.

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Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Stretching exercises:

Stretching exercises involve gently elongating muscles and tendons, promoting flexibility and range of motion. For individuals with osteoporosis, stretching exercises can improve balance and reduce the risk of falls, which is crucial as osteoporosis weakens bones and makes individuals more prone to fractures.
B. Riding a bicycle:

Bicycling is a low-impact cardiovascular exercise that is easy on the joints. It can help improve cardiovascular health, but it might not specifically address the balance and flexibility issues often associated with osteoporosis. However, it's a good option for overall fitness and joint health.
C. Walking briskly:

Brisk walking is an excellent low-impact aerobic exercise. It improves cardiovascular health, strengthens muscles, and aids in weight management. Walking can be adapted to various fitness levels, making it a suitable exercise for many older adults. While it doesn't specifically focus on flexibility, it promotes overall health and well-being.
D. High-impact aerobics:

High-impact aerobics involve activities like jumping, running, or intense dancing. These exercises can stress the bones and joints, potentially leading to injuries, especially for individuals with osteoporosis. High-impact exercises are generally discouraged for people with osteoporosis due to the increased risk of fractures.

A. Provide the client with antipyretic therapy. B. Administer antibiotics to the client. C. Teach relaxation breathing to reduce the client's pain. D. Increase the client's protein intake.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

A. Provide the client with antipyretic therapy. - Antipyretic therapy can help reduce fever, but addressing the underlying infection with antibiotics is crucial.

B. Administer antibiotics to the client. -The priority intervention for a client with acute osteomyelitis is to administer antibiotics promptly. Osteomyelitis is a severe bacterial infection of the bone, which requires aggressive antibiotic therapy to eradicate the infection. Delaying antibiotic treatment can lead to further complications and the spread of the infection.

C. Teach relaxation breathing to reduce the client's pain. - Pain management is important, but in the case of acute osteomyelitis, the priority is to eliminate the infection through antibiotics.

D. Increase the client's protein intake. - Adequate nutrition, including protein, is important for overall healing and immune function, but it is not the priority when dealing with an acute infection that requires immediate antibiotic treatment.

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A nurse educator is providing an in-service to nursing staff about urinary tract infections (UTP). Which statements made by the staff validate they understand the etiology and pathophysiology of UTIs? Select all that apply.

Nursing Test Bank

Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has osteoporosis about beginning a program of regular physical activity. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse make?

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A nurse is caring for a client who has acute osteomyelitis. Which of the following interventions is the nurse's priority?

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

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