A nurse assesses four patients. Which patient has greatest risk for hypomagnesemia?

A) Reduced respiratory rate:
Acute pain typically triggers an increased respiratory rate rather than a reduced one. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased respiratory effort as the body prepares to fight or flee.

B) Elevated blood pressure:
Elevated blood pressure is a common physiological response to acute pain. Pain activates the sympathetic nervous system, leading to the release of stress hormones like adrenaline, which constrict blood vessels and increase heart rate and blood pressure.

C) Constricted pupils:
Pain often causes pupil dilation rather than constriction. The body's fight-or-flight response to pain involves pupil dilation to enhance visual acuity and peripheral vision, allowing individuals to detect potential threats in their environment.

D) Decreased heart rate:
Acute pain typically results in an increased heart rate rather than a decreased one. Pain triggers the release of adrenaline, which increases heart rate as part of the body's stress response to prepare for action.

A) "I don't take naps throughout the day": This statement indicates a good sleep habit, as avoiding daytime naps can help promote better sleep at night.
B) "I have a small snack and take a bath before going to bed each day": This statement suggests a bedtime routine, which can be beneficial for promoting relaxation and signaling the body that it's time to sleep.
C) "I go to bed and get up routinely at the same time each day": Consistency in sleep schedule is an essential aspect of healthy sleep habits, as it helps regulate the body's internal clock and promotes better sleep quality.
D) "I watch television until I fall asleep at night": This statement indicates a poor sleep habit. Screen time before bedtime, especially from devices like televisions, computers, or smartphones, can interfere with the body's natural sleep-wake cycle and make it harder to fall asleep. The blue light emitted by screens can suppress the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep, leading to difficulty falling asleep and poor sleep quality. Therefore, this statement suggests a need for further teaching about avoiding screen time before bedtime to promote better sleep hygiene.