A newborn is delivered by cesarean section to a mother who is HIV-positive.

The mother received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

Which intervention should the nurse implement?

Give zidovudine 6 to 12 hours after birth.

Administer antibiotics for 7 to 10 days.

Delay the initial bath for 1 to 2 days.

Encourage breastfeeding every 2 to 3 hours.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is A

Choice A rationale

Giving zidovudine 6 to 12 hours after birth is crucial as it helps prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Early administration of antiretroviral medication reduces the risk of the newborn acquiring HIV significantly.

Choice B rationale

Administering antibiotics for 7 to 10 days is not standard practice for newborns of HIV-positive mothers unless there is an indication of infection. The primary intervention is antiretroviral therapy.

Choice C rationale

Delaying the initial bath for 1 to 2 days is not standard practice for preventing HIV transmission. It is important to bathe the newborn shortly after birth to remove any potential HIV-containing fluids.

Choice D rationale

Encouraging breastfeeding every 2 to 3 hours is not advised for HIV-positive mothers as HIV can be transmitted through breast milk. Alternatives such as formula feeding are recommended to prevent transmission. .

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction is seen in spirochete infections like syphilis or Lyme disease, not typically in pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) treated with antibiotics like levofloxacin and metronidazole.

Choice B rationale

Serial anaerobic cultures are not routine for PID management. Diagnosis and management focus more on clinical symptoms and empirical antibiotic therapy rather than continuous culture monitoring.

Choice C rationale

Supervised parenteral antibiotic protocols ensure proper dosage and administration, crucial for severe infections requiring hospitalization. Monitoring treatment in a controlled environment increases effectiveness and reduces complications.

Choice D rationale

While infection control is important, PID typically spreads through sexual contact, and hospital admission for infection control is not the primary reason. The focus is more on effective treatment delivery in severe cases. .

A. Infants can receive antibodies through breast milk that help fight infections. B. The infant's immune system may be immature in protecting against infections. C. Immunity in the first months of life provides protection. D. Active immunity in newborns is fully developed in the first month of life.

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Breast milk contains antibodies, specifically Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which provide passive immunity to infants and help in fighting off infections. This protective mechanism is especially important in the early months when the infant's immune system is still developing.

Choice B rationale

The immune system of a newborn is immature, particularly in its ability to produce its own antibodies. This immaturity means that newborns rely on passive immunity from the mother, either through the placenta during pregnancy or via breast milk after birth.

Choice C rationale

Infants possess passive immunity during the first few months of life, derived from maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta. This temporary immunity provides a crucial defense against infections until the infant's own immune system becomes more developed and capable of responding to pathogens.

Choice D rationale

While newborns have some level of immune function, it is not fully developed within the first month of life. Active immunity, the body's ability to produce its own antibodies in response to pathogens, takes several months to fully mature. .

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A newborn is delivered by cesarean section to a mother who is HIV-positive. The mother received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy. Which intervention should the nurse implement?

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Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

A client who is 38 weeks pregnant is concerned her baby might get a communicable disease before any immunizations are given. Which physiological mechanism should the nurse use when responding to the mother's concerns?

Correct Answer is ["A","B","C"]

Explanation

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A newborn is delivered by cesarean section to a mother who is HIV-positive.

The mother received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy.

Which intervention should the nurse implement?