A client who is 38 weeks pregnant is concerned her baby might get a communicable disease before any immunizations are given.
Which physiological mechanism should the nurse use when responding to the mother's concerns?
Infants can receive antibodies through breast milk that help fight infections.
The infant's immune system may be immature in protecting against infections.
Immunity in the first months of life provides protection.
Active immunity in newborns is fully developed in the first month of life.
Correct Answer : A,B,C
Choice A rationale
Breast milk contains antibodies, specifically Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which provide passive immunity to infants and help in fighting off infections. This protective mechanism is especially important in the early months when the infant's immune system is still developing.
Choice B rationale
The immune system of a newborn is immature, particularly in its ability to produce its own antibodies. This immaturity means that newborns rely on passive immunity from the mother, either through the placenta during pregnancy or via breast milk after birth.
Choice C rationale
Infants possess passive immunity during the first few months of life, derived from maternal antibodies transferred through the placenta. This temporary immunity provides a crucial defense against infections until the infant's own immune system becomes more developed and capable of responding to pathogens.
Choice D rationale
While newborns have some level of immune function, it is not fully developed within the first month of life. Active immunity, the body's ability to produce its own antibodies in response to pathogens, takes several months to fully mature. .
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Diet cola, although refreshing, contains caffeine which can contribute to dehydration. For adolescents with sickle cell anemia, hydration is crucial to prevent sickle cell crises. Moreover, sodas generally offer no nutritional benefits.
Choice B rationale
Lemonade is a better choice as it is hydrating and provides fluids without caffeine. Proper hydration is vital for sickle cell patients to maintain blood volume and prevent the sickling of red blood cells. Additionally, lemonade can supply essential electrolytes.
Choice C rationale
Ice tea, similar to diet cola, contains caffeine which can exacerbate dehydration. Hydration is key for individuals with sickle cell anemia to avoid complications and maintain adequate blood flow.
Choice D rationale
Milkshake, while providing hydration, is high in fat and sugar, which can be counterproductive. It also lacks the electrolytes present in lemonade which are beneficial for maintaining fluid balance in the body.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rooting is a reflex that helps a baby find and latch onto the breast or bottle for feeding. While the rooting reflex may diminish as the baby grows, it is not the primary indicator for introducing solid foods. Other developmental milestones are more relevant for this transition.
Choice B rationale
When a baby starts opening their mouth in response to the sight or smell of food, it indicates a readiness to try solid foods. This behavior shows that the baby is interested in and capable of learning to eat from a spoon, which is a key step in the introduction of solids.
Choice C rationale
Awakening once for nighttime feedings is common for infants and does not necessarily indicate readiness for solid foods. Nighttime awakenings can occur for various reasons, including hunger, but other developmental signs should be considered for introducing solids.
Choice D rationale
Giving up a bottle for a cup is a milestone that typically occurs later in infancy or toddlerhood. It is not directly related to the introduction of solid foods, which generally begins around 4 to 6 months of age based on the child's developmental readiness and interest in food.
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