A female student is driving to school when another driver nearly hits her. Her heart begins beating hard and fast as she becomes scared and aroused. Which of the following stages of the general adaptation syndrome is she experiencing?
Exhaustion
Adaptation
Alarm stage
Stage of resistance
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A Reason:
The exhaustion stage is the final phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). It occurs when the body has been exposed to stress for a prolonged period and can no longer maintain resistance. Symptoms of exhaustion include fatigue, burnout, depression, and decreased stress tolerance. Since the student is experiencing an immediate response to a sudden stressor, this stage does not apply.
Choice B Reason:
Adaptation is not a specific stage in the general adaptation syndrome. The correct stages are alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Choice C Reason:
This is the correct answer. The alarm stage is the initial phase of the general adaptation syndrome, also known as the “fight-or-flight” response. During this stage, the body reacts to a stressor by activating the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened alertness. The student’s reaction to the near-miss accident fits this description perfectly.
Choice D Reason:
The stage of resistance is the second phase of the general adaptation syndrome. During this stage, the body attempts to adapt to the stressor and return to a state of balance. If the stressor persists, the body remains on high alert, but the initial shock of the alarm stage has passed. Since the student’s response is immediate and acute, it aligns with the alarm stage rather than the resistance stage.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Administering the drug at intervals longer than the drug half-life is not typically recommended for medications with a narrow therapeutic range. These drugs require precise dosing to maintain therapeutic levels without reaching toxic levels. Extending the dosing interval could lead to subtherapeutic levels, reducing the drug’s effectiveness.
Choice B Reason:
Teaching the patient that maximum drug effects will occur within a short period is not specific to drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. While some medications may have rapid onset of action, the critical aspect of narrow therapeutic range drugs is maintaining consistent blood levels to avoid toxicity or subtherapeutic effects.
Choice C Reason:
Administering the medication intravenously is not a requirement for all drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. While IV administration can provide precise control over drug levels, many narrow therapeutic range drugs can be administered orally or through other routes. The key is monitoring and adjusting the dose based on blood levels.
Choice D Reason:
Ordering lab tests to check blood drug levels is essential for managing medications with a narrow therapeutic range. These drugs have a small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses, so regular monitoring of blood levels helps ensure the drug remains within the safe and effective range. This practice is known as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and is crucial for drugs like warfarin, phenytoin, and digoxin.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A Reason:
Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and mitigating the complications of an existing disease to prevent further deterioration. For obesity, this might involve interventions like bariatric surgery or intensive management of comorbid conditions such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. In this scenario, the goal is not to prevent the onset of disease but to manage its long-term effects and improve quality of life.
Choice B Reason:
Disease treatment refers to the direct management of a diagnosed condition. For a diabetic teen, this could include medications like insulin or metformin, regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, and other medical interventions to control diabetes. While a low-calorie diet and exercise are important components of diabetes management, they are more aligned with preventive measures rather than direct treatment.
Choice C Reason:
Secondary prevention aims to detect and address a disease early in its course to prevent progression. This might include screening programs, early interventions, and lifestyle modifications for individuals at high risk of developing a condition. In the context of diabetes, secondary prevention could involve regular blood glucose monitoring and early dietary changes to prevent the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.
Choice D Reason:
Primary prevention involves measures taken to prevent the onset of a disease before it occurs. This includes lifestyle interventions such as a healthy diet, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight. For an obese diabetic teen, a prescription for a low-calorie diet and exercise program is aimed at preventing further weight gain and reducing the risk of developing additional health complications, making it a primary prevention strategy.
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