Which statement regarding alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors is correct?
Alpha 1 agonist and alpha 2 antagonist increase blood pressure
Alpha 1 agonist and alpha 2 agonist decrease blood pressure
Alpha 1 and alpha 2 agonist increase blood pressure
Alpha 1 antagonist and alpha 2 agonist decrease blood pressure
The Correct Answer is A
Choice A: Alpha 1 Agonist and Alpha 2 Antagonist Increase Blood Pressure
Alpha 1 receptors are primarily located on the smooth muscles of blood vessels. When activated by an agonist, these receptors cause vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. On the other hand, alpha 2 receptors are found on presynaptic nerve terminals and act to inhibit the release of norepinephrine. An antagonist at alpha 2 receptors would prevent this inhibition, leading to increased norepinephrine release, further promoting vasoconstriction and increasing blood pressure. Therefore, the combination of an alpha 1 agonist and an alpha 2 antagonist would synergistically increase blood pressure.
Choice B: Alpha 1 Agonist and Alpha 2 Agonist Decrease Blood Pressure
Alpha 1 agonists increase blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction. Alpha 2 agonists, however, decrease blood pressure by inhibiting norepinephrine release, leading to vasodilation. Therefore, this combination would not decrease blood pressure as the effects of the alpha 1 agonist would counteract the effects of the alpha 2 agonist.
Choice C: Alpha 1 and Alpha 2 Agonist Increase Blood Pressure
While alpha 1 agonists increase blood pressure through vasoconstriction, alpha 2 agonists actually decrease blood pressure by reducing norepinephrine release. Therefore, this statement is incorrect as the combined effect would not result in an increase in blood pressure.
Choice D: Alpha 1 Antagonist and Alpha 2 Agonist Decrease Blood Pressure
Alpha 1 antagonists block the vasoconstrictive action of alpha 1 receptors, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. Alpha 2 agonists also decrease blood pressure by inhibiting norepinephrine release. Therefore, this combination would indeed decrease blood pressure, making this statement partially correct but not the best answer compared to choice A.
Nursing Test Bank
Naxlex Comprehensive Predictor Exams
Related Questions
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Atrophy
Atrophy refers to the reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size or number. This can occur due to various reasons such as disuse, lack of nutrition, or loss of nerve supply. While atrophy involves the shrinkage of cells, it does not directly result in cellular death. Instead, it is a form of cellular adaptation to adverse conditions.
Choice B: Proliferation
Proliferation is the process by which cells grow and divide to produce more cells. This process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair. Proliferation leads to an increase in the number of cells and is the opposite of cellular death. It is a tightly regulated process that ensures the maintenance and regeneration of tissues.
Choice C: Mutation
Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence of a cell. These changes can occur due to errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, or chemical mutagens. While mutations can lead to various outcomes, including cancer, they do not directly cause cellular death. Instead, mutations can alter the function of genes and proteins, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell growth or other cellular dysfunctions.
Choice D: Death
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is a highly regulated process that allows the body to remove damaged or unnecessary cells without causing harm to surrounding tissues. Apoptosis involves a series of biochemical events leading to characteristic cell changes and eventual death. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the development of diseases such as cancer.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A: Atrophy
Atrophy refers to the reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size or number. This can occur due to various reasons such as disuse, lack of nutrition, or loss of nerve supply. While atrophy involves the shrinkage of cells, it does not directly result in cellular death. Instead, it is a form of cellular adaptation to adverse conditions.
Choice B: Proliferation
Proliferation is the process by which cells grow and divide to produce more cells. This process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair. Proliferation leads to an increase in the number of cells and is the opposite of cellular death. It is a tightly regulated process that ensures the maintenance and regeneration of tissues.
Choice C: Mutation
Mutation refers to changes in the DNA sequence of a cell. These changes can occur due to errors during DNA replication, exposure to radiation, or chemical mutagens. While mutations can lead to various outcomes, including cancer, they do not directly cause cellular death. Instead, mutations can alter the function of genes and proteins, potentially leading to uncontrolled cell growth or other cellular dysfunctions.
Choice D: Death
Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms. It is a highly regulated process that allows the body to remove damaged or unnecessary cells without causing harm to surrounding tissues. Apoptosis involves a series of biochemical events leading to characteristic cell changes and eventual death. This process is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and preventing the development of diseases such as cancer.
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