A female college student comes to the school's health clinic reporting urinary frequency and burning with right lower back pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

Test her urine for the presence of haematuria.

Measure her temperature and heart rate.

Evaluate the urine for a strong Odor.

Palpate the right flank for tenderness.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A reason: Testing the urine for the presence of haematuria is important for diagnosing a urinary tract infection (UTI) or kidney stones, but it is not the most immediate intervention. Haematuria indicates blood in the urine, but assessing the client's vital signs is more urgent to determine if there is an acute issue that requires immediate attention.

Choice B reason: Measuring her temperature and heart rate is the most critical first step. These vital signs can provide immediate information about the client's overall condition and help identify potential systemic infection (fever) or hemodynamic instability (tachycardia). This information is essential for prioritizing further interventions and determining the urgency of the situation.

Choice C reason: Evaluating the urine for a strong Odor can help identify the presence of a UTI, but it is not as immediately critical as assessing the client's vital signs. Changes in urine Odor can support a diagnosis, but they do not provide the urgent information needed to assess the client's immediate health status.

Choice D reason: Palpating the right flank for tenderness is important for assessing kidney involvement, such as in cases of pyelonephritis (kidney infection). However, this physical examination should follow the assessment of vital signs to ensure the client is stable and not in immediate danger.

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Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A reason: Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and an elevated PaCO2 due to hypoventilation, which results in CO2 retention. The ABG results in this case show a normal PaCO2, making this option incorrect.

Choice B reason: Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and a low HCO3 due to an accumulation of acids or loss of bicarbonate. The ABG results show a high pH and a high HCO3, which are opposite to the findings of metabolic acidosis.

Choice C reason: Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and an elevated HCO3. This condition can result from excessive loss of stomach acid due to vomiting or the use of diuretics. The ABG results show a pH of 7.50 and HCO3 of 33 me/L, both indicative of metabolic alkalosis.

Choice D reason: Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and a low PaCO2 due to hyperventilation, which leads to CO2 loss. The ABG results show a normal PaCO2, ruling out respiratory alkalosis as the correct diagnosis.

A. Clay coloured stool. B. Distended, hard, and rigid abdomen. C. Bile-stained emesis. D. Radiating, sharp pain in right shoulder.

Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A reason: Clay-coloured stool is a symptom of bile duct obstruction. It indicates that bile is not reaching the intestines to help digest food. While this is important to note, it is not the most urgent finding that requires immediate reporting to the healthcare provider.

Choice B reason: A distended, hard, and rigid abdomen is a sign of possible peritonitis or other severe abdominal complications. This finding indicates a medical emergency that requires immediate attention and intervention by the healthcare provider. Prompt reporting is essential to prevent further complications and ensure appropriate treatment.

Choice C reason: Bile-stained emesis suggests that bile is being regurgitated, which is indicative of a blocked or compromised bile duct. However, this finding does not require as urgent reporting as a rigid abdomen, which could indicate a more serious condition.

Choice D reason: Radiating, sharp pain in the right shoulder is often referred pain from gallbladder issues. While this symptom is significant and should be monitored, it does not take precedence over the urgent finding of a distended and rigid abdomen that might indicate a severe complication.

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A female college student comes to the school's health clinic reporting urinary frequency and burning with right lower back pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?

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