A community health nurse teaches a group of seniors at an assisted living facility about modifiable risk factors that contribute to the development of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The nurse knows that the teaching was effective based on which of the following statements?

A. "Did you have rheumatic fever as a child?"

Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory condition that can affect the heart, especially the heart valves. Rheumatic fever is a known risk factor for the development of valvular heart disease. Asking about a history of rheumatic fever helps identify a potential cause for valve malfunction.

B. "Do you have a family history of valve problems?"

Family history can be relevant in understanding genetic predispositions to certain cardiac conditions. While it may contribute to the overall assessment of cardiac risk, it may not be as directly linked to valve malfunction as a history of rheumatic fever.

C. "Do you have a history of MRSA?"

MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) is a type of bacterial infection and is not directly associated with valve malfunction. This question may be relevant for other aspects of the client's health but is not specific to ruling out cardiac issues related to valve malfunction.

D. "What over-the-counter medications do you take?"

While knowing the medications a client takes is important for a comprehensive assessment, asking about over-the-counter medications may not be as directly related to ruling out cardiac issues related to valve malfunction. It is more relevant for assessing potential interactions or effects on cardiovascular health.

A. Administer antibiotics

Administering antibiotics is not a direct intervention for preventing atelectasis. Antibiotics are typically prescribed to treat bacterial infections, and atelectasis is more related to lung collapse or incomplete lung expansion.

B. Encourage increased oral fluid intake

Adequate hydration is important for maintaining the moisture of respiratory secretions. This helps prevent mucus from becoming thick and sticky, making it easier for the patient to cough and clear the airways.

C. Early mobilization after surgery

Early mobilization, including activities such as getting out of bed and walking, helps improve lung expansion. It promotes better ventilation and prevents areas of the lungs from collapsing, reducing the risk of atelectasis.

D. Frequent turning of the patient

Turning the patient regularly is crucial for preventing pooling of respiratory secretions in dependent areas of the lungs. By changing the patient's position, nurses can facilitate drainage and ventilation throughout the lungs, minimizing the risk of atelectasis.

E. Use of incentive spirometry

Incentive spirometry is a breathing exercise device that encourages the patient to take slow, deep breaths. This helps expand the lungs and prevents atelectasis by maintaining lung volume and promoting alveolar recruitment.