A community health nurse notes that six new cases of diabetes mellitus have been reported in the past 3 months. In the previous year, five cases were reported. The population of the community is 15,000 people. Which of the following is the prevalence proportion for the community?

A. Clostridium difficile

Clostridium difficile is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and standard precautions (including hand hygiene and contact precautions) are appropriate for preventing its spread.

B. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

RSV is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, and standard precautions, as well as contact precautions, are typically sufficient to prevent transmission.

C. Disseminated herpes zoster

Explanation: Airborne precautions are required for diseases that are transmitted via small droplets that remain suspended in the air. Disseminated herpes zoster (shingles) is one such condition that requires airborne precautions due to the potential for airborne transmission.

D. Influenza

Influenza is primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets, and standard precautions (including hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, and mask use) are typically employed to prevent transmission. Airborne precautions are not routinely required for influenza.

A. Gonorrhea.

Explanation: National notifiable conditions are diseases that health authorities have determined should be reported to public health agencies to track and monitor their occurrence. Gonorrhea is one of the sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that is nationally notifiable. Reporting helps public health officials understand the prevalence, distribution, and trends of such diseases.

B. Gastroenteritis.

Explanation: Gastroenteritis is a common condition involving inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. While it may be reportable in certain circumstances (such as outbreaks), it is not consistently designated as a national notifiable condition.

C. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

Explanation: RSV is a viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory tract, especially in young children. While it may be reportable in some regions, it is not universally considered a national notifiable condition.

D. Hepatitis E.

Explanation: Hepatitis E is a viral infection that affects the liver. Reporting requirements for Hepatitis E vary, and it may be notifiable in some jurisdictions, but it is not consistently designated as a national notifiable condition.